Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy
Vancomycin is one of the “last-line” classes of antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Even though vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s, it was widely used after the 1980s for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant St...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/4/1/6 |
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| author | Panditharathnalage Nishantha Kumara Wijesekara Wikum Widuranga Kumbukgolla Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera Diwan Rawat |
| author_facet | Panditharathnalage Nishantha Kumara Wijesekara Wikum Widuranga Kumbukgolla Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera Diwan Rawat |
| author_sort | Panditharathnalage Nishantha Kumara Wijesekara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vancomycin is one of the “last-line” classes of antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Even though vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s, it was widely used after the 1980s for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, as the prevalence of these strains were increased. However, it is currently evident that vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci have developed for various reasons, including the use of avaparcin—an analog of vancomycin—as a feed additive in livestock. Therefore, prophylactic and empiric use of antibiotics and their analogues need to be minimized. Herein we discuss the rational use of vancomycin in treating humans, horses, farm animals, and pet animals such as dogs, cats, and rabbits. In present day context, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in order to maintain their efficacy. In order to prevent emergence of resistance, proper guidance for the responsible use of antimicrobials is indispensable. Therefore, almost all stakeholders who use antibiotics should have an in-depth understanding of the antibiotic that they use. As such, it is imperative to be aware of the important aspects of vancomycin. In the present review, efforts have been made to discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications, emergence of resistance, control of resistance, adverse effects, and alternative therapy for vancomycin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T00:41:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f131c91bcbc34c34abd19c47314d1246 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T00:41:42Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f131c91bcbc34c34abd19c47314d12462022-12-21T21:26:53ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812017-01-0141610.3390/vetsci4010006vetsci4010006Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative TherapyPanditharathnalage Nishantha Kumara Wijesekara0Wikum Widuranga Kumbukgolla1Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera2Diwan Rawat3Human Recourse Department, University Grants Commission, 20, Ward Place, Colombo 07 10000, Sri LankaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University Mihintale, Mihintale 50008, Sri LankaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University Mihintale, Mihintale 50008, Sri LankaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, IndiaVancomycin is one of the “last-line” classes of antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Even though vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s, it was widely used after the 1980s for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, as the prevalence of these strains were increased. However, it is currently evident that vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci have developed for various reasons, including the use of avaparcin—an analog of vancomycin—as a feed additive in livestock. Therefore, prophylactic and empiric use of antibiotics and their analogues need to be minimized. Herein we discuss the rational use of vancomycin in treating humans, horses, farm animals, and pet animals such as dogs, cats, and rabbits. In present day context, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in order to maintain their efficacy. In order to prevent emergence of resistance, proper guidance for the responsible use of antimicrobials is indispensable. Therefore, almost all stakeholders who use antibiotics should have an in-depth understanding of the antibiotic that they use. As such, it is imperative to be aware of the important aspects of vancomycin. In the present review, efforts have been made to discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications, emergence of resistance, control of resistance, adverse effects, and alternative therapy for vancomycin.http://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/4/1/6vancomycinbroad viewveterinary use at a glancerational usealternatives |
| spellingShingle | Panditharathnalage Nishantha Kumara Wijesekara Wikum Widuranga Kumbukgolla Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera Diwan Rawat Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy Veterinary Sciences vancomycin broad view veterinary use at a glance rational use alternatives |
| title | Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy |
| title_full | Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy |
| title_short | Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy |
| title_sort | review on usage of vancomycin in livestock and humans maintaining its efficacy prevention of resistance and alternative therapy |
| topic | vancomycin broad view veterinary use at a glance rational use alternatives |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/4/1/6 |
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