Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients
<b>Background and aim:</b> Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to correlate the 25OH-Vitamin D serum concentrations with clinical parameters of lung involvement, in elderly patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infec...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/717 |
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| author | Alberto Sulli Emanuele Gotelli Andrea Casabella Sabrina Paolino Carmen Pizzorni Elisa Alessandri Marco Grosso Diego Ferone Vanessa Smith Maurizio Cutolo |
| author_facet | Alberto Sulli Emanuele Gotelli Andrea Casabella Sabrina Paolino Carmen Pizzorni Elisa Alessandri Marco Grosso Diego Ferone Vanessa Smith Maurizio Cutolo |
| author_sort | Alberto Sulli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background and aim:</b> Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to correlate the 25OH-Vitamin D serum concentrations with clinical parameters of lung involvement, in elderly patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-five consecutive COVID-19 patients (mean age 76 ± 13 years) and sixty-five sex- and age-matched control subjects (CNT) were analyzed. The following clinical parameters, including comorbidities, were collected at admission: type of pulmonary involvement, respiratory parameters (PaO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, PaCO<sub>2</sub>, PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>), laboratory parameters (including 25OH-vitamin D, D-dimer, C-reactive protein). <b>Results:</b> Significantly lower vitamin D serum levels were found in COVID-19 patients than in CNT (median 7.9 vs. 16.3 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Interestingly, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin D serum levels and PaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.03), SO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.05), PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), while a statistically significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D serum levels and D-dimer (<i>p</i> = 0.04), C-reactive protein (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and percentage of O<sub>2</sub> in a venturi mask (<i>p</i> = 0.04). A negative correlation was also observed between vitamin D serum levels and severity of radiologic pulmonary involvement, evaluated by computed tomography: in particular, vitamin D was found significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with either multiple lung consolidations (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) or diffuse/severe interstitial lung involvement than in those with mild involvement (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Finally, significantly lower vitamin D serum levels were found in the elderly COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization, compared to those who survived (median 3.0 vs. 8.4 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.046). <b>Conclusions:</b> This study confirms that 25OH-vitamin D serum deficiency is associated with more severe lung involvement, longer disease duration and risk of death, in elderly COVID-19 patients. The detection of low vitamin D levels also in younger COVID-19 patients with less comorbidities further suggests vitamin D deficiency as crucial risk factor at any age. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:35:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f13f44ad90d64c04914d4059b78cdb68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:35:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-f13f44ad90d64c04914d4059b78cdb682023-12-11T18:15:17ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-02-0113371710.3390/nu13030717Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 PatientsAlberto Sulli0Emanuele Gotelli1Andrea Casabella2Sabrina Paolino3Carmen Pizzorni4Elisa Alessandri5Marco Grosso6Diego Ferone7Vanessa Smith8Maurizio Cutolo9Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyPneumology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, VIB Inflammation Research Centre Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, 16132 Genova, Italy<b>Background and aim:</b> Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to correlate the 25OH-Vitamin D serum concentrations with clinical parameters of lung involvement, in elderly patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-five consecutive COVID-19 patients (mean age 76 ± 13 years) and sixty-five sex- and age-matched control subjects (CNT) were analyzed. The following clinical parameters, including comorbidities, were collected at admission: type of pulmonary involvement, respiratory parameters (PaO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, PaCO<sub>2</sub>, PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>), laboratory parameters (including 25OH-vitamin D, D-dimer, C-reactive protein). <b>Results:</b> Significantly lower vitamin D serum levels were found in COVID-19 patients than in CNT (median 7.9 vs. 16.3 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Interestingly, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin D serum levels and PaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.03), SO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.05), PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), while a statistically significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D serum levels and D-dimer (<i>p</i> = 0.04), C-reactive protein (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and percentage of O<sub>2</sub> in a venturi mask (<i>p</i> = 0.04). A negative correlation was also observed between vitamin D serum levels and severity of radiologic pulmonary involvement, evaluated by computed tomography: in particular, vitamin D was found significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with either multiple lung consolidations (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) or diffuse/severe interstitial lung involvement than in those with mild involvement (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Finally, significantly lower vitamin D serum levels were found in the elderly COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization, compared to those who survived (median 3.0 vs. 8.4 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.046). <b>Conclusions:</b> This study confirms that 25OH-vitamin D serum deficiency is associated with more severe lung involvement, longer disease duration and risk of death, in elderly COVID-19 patients. The detection of low vitamin D levels also in younger COVID-19 patients with less comorbidities further suggests vitamin D deficiency as crucial risk factor at any age.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/717vitamin DCOVID-19lung involvementSARS-CoV-2disease severity |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Sulli Emanuele Gotelli Andrea Casabella Sabrina Paolino Carmen Pizzorni Elisa Alessandri Marco Grosso Diego Ferone Vanessa Smith Maurizio Cutolo Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients Nutrients vitamin D COVID-19 lung involvement SARS-CoV-2 disease severity |
| title | Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full | Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients |
| title_short | Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients |
| title_sort | vitamin d and lung outcomes in elderly covid 19 patients |
| topic | vitamin D COVID-19 lung involvement SARS-CoV-2 disease severity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/717 |
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