Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs
Background: To date, the most efficient and robust method for isolating avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) is using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). It is known that low-pathogenic avian IAVs undergo rapid genetic changes when introduced to poultry holdings, but the factors driving mutagenesis are not...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2015-09-01
|
| Series: | Infection Ecology & Epidemiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.infectionecologyandepidemiology.net/index.php/iee/article/view/28458/pdf_22 |
| _version_ | 1819179323330920448 |
|---|---|
| author | Josef D. Järhult John Wahlgren Badrul Hasan Erik Salaneck Åke Lundkvist |
| author_facet | Josef D. Järhult John Wahlgren Badrul Hasan Erik Salaneck Åke Lundkvist |
| author_sort | Josef D. Järhult |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: To date, the most efficient and robust method for isolating avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) is using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). It is known that low-pathogenic avian IAVs undergo rapid genetic changes when introduced to poultry holdings, but the factors driving mutagenesis are not well understood. Despite this, there is limited data on the effects of the standard method of virus isolation of avian-derived viruses, that is, whether isolation in ECEs causes adaptive changes in avian IAVs. Eggs from a homologous species could potentially offer an isolation vessel less prone to induce adaptive changes. Methods: We performed eight serial passages of two avian IAVs isolated from fecal samples of wild Mallards in both ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs, and hemagglutination assay titers and hemagglutinin sequences were compared. Results: There was no obvious difference in titers between ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs. Sequence analyses of the isolates showed no apparent difference in the rate of introduction of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin gene (three substitutions in total in embryonated Mallard eggs and two substitutions in ECEs). Conclusion: Embryonated Mallard eggs seem to be good isolation vessels for avian IAVs but carry some practical problems such as limited availability and short egg-laying season of Mallards. Our study finds isolation of Mallard-derived avian IAVs in ECEs non-inferior to isolation in embryonated Mallard eggs, but more research in the area may be warranted as this is a small-scale study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:56:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f14487da43e54e81835608291464a84a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2000-8686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:56:37Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection Ecology & Epidemiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f14487da43e54e81835608291464a84a2022-12-21T18:11:14ZengTaylor & Francis GroupInfection Ecology & Epidemiology2000-86862015-09-01501610.3402/iee.v5.2845828458Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggsJosef D. Järhult0John Wahlgren1Badrul Hasan2Erik Salaneck3Åke Lundkvist4 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenBackground: To date, the most efficient and robust method for isolating avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) is using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). It is known that low-pathogenic avian IAVs undergo rapid genetic changes when introduced to poultry holdings, but the factors driving mutagenesis are not well understood. Despite this, there is limited data on the effects of the standard method of virus isolation of avian-derived viruses, that is, whether isolation in ECEs causes adaptive changes in avian IAVs. Eggs from a homologous species could potentially offer an isolation vessel less prone to induce adaptive changes. Methods: We performed eight serial passages of two avian IAVs isolated from fecal samples of wild Mallards in both ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs, and hemagglutination assay titers and hemagglutinin sequences were compared. Results: There was no obvious difference in titers between ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs. Sequence analyses of the isolates showed no apparent difference in the rate of introduction of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin gene (three substitutions in total in embryonated Mallard eggs and two substitutions in ECEs). Conclusion: Embryonated Mallard eggs seem to be good isolation vessels for avian IAVs but carry some practical problems such as limited availability and short egg-laying season of Mallards. Our study finds isolation of Mallard-derived avian IAVs in ECEs non-inferior to isolation in embryonated Mallard eggs, but more research in the area may be warranted as this is a small-scale study.http://www.infectionecologyandepidemiology.net/index.php/iee/article/view/28458/pdf_22zoonotic microorganismsspecies adaptationhemagglutinin |
| spellingShingle | Josef D. Järhult John Wahlgren Badrul Hasan Erik Salaneck Åke Lundkvist Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs Infection Ecology & Epidemiology zoonotic microorganisms species adaptation hemagglutinin |
| title | Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs |
| title_full | Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs |
| title_fullStr | Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs |
| title_short | Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs |
| title_sort | mallard or chicken comparing the isolation of avian influenza a viruses in embryonated mallard and chicken eggs |
| topic | zoonotic microorganisms species adaptation hemagglutinin |
| url | http://www.infectionecologyandepidemiology.net/index.php/iee/article/view/28458/pdf_22 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josefdjarhult mallardorchickencomparingtheisolationofavianinfluenzaavirusesinembryonatedmallardandchickeneggs AT johnwahlgren mallardorchickencomparingtheisolationofavianinfluenzaavirusesinembryonatedmallardandchickeneggs AT badrulhasan mallardorchickencomparingtheisolationofavianinfluenzaavirusesinembryonatedmallardandchickeneggs AT eriksalaneck mallardorchickencomparingtheisolationofavianinfluenzaavirusesinembryonatedmallardandchickeneggs AT akelundkvist mallardorchickencomparingtheisolationofavianinfluenzaavirusesinembryonatedmallardandchickeneggs |