A Ship Traffic Disturbance Vulnerability Index for Northwest European Seabirds as a Tool for Marine Spatial Planning

A Ship Traffic Disturbance Vulnerability Index for Northwest European Seabirds as a Tool for Marine Spatial Planning

Ship traffic in Northwestern European seas is intense and continuing to increase, posing a threat to vulnerable seabird species as a result of disturbance. However, information on species-specific effects of ship traffic on seabirds at sea is limited, and tools are needed to prioritize species and a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Katharina Leonia Fliessbach, Kai Borkenhagen, Nils Guse, Nele Markones, Philipp Schwemmer, Stefan Garthe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
seabirds
ship traffic
disturbance
behavior
escape distance
vulnerability index
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00192/full

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