Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases, and preventing treatment failure is critical. This is because TB cases pose a risk to the immediate and remote communities due to the potential for spread, particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that have been associated with higher...

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Main Authors: Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji, Mirabel Nanjoh, Lucas Banda, Olukayode Ademola Adeleke, Teke Apalata, Jabu Mbokazi, Francis Leonard Mpotte Hyera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-08-01
Series:Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/8/194
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author Olanrewaju Oladimeji
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji
Mirabel Nanjoh
Lucas Banda
Olukayode Ademola Adeleke
Teke Apalata
Jabu Mbokazi
Francis Leonard Mpotte Hyera
author_facet Olanrewaju Oladimeji
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji
Mirabel Nanjoh
Lucas Banda
Olukayode Ademola Adeleke
Teke Apalata
Jabu Mbokazi
Francis Leonard Mpotte Hyera
author_sort Olanrewaju Oladimeji
collection DOAJ
description Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases, and preventing treatment failure is critical. This is because TB cases pose a risk to the immediate and remote communities due to the potential for spread, particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Hence, this study looked at the factors that influence TB treatment outcomes in Southwest Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 712 TB patients from 25 directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centers, out of which 566 (79.49%) were new treatment cases, and 102 (14.33%) were retreatment cases. The outcome variable was computed into successful treatment where ‘Yes’ was assigned to TB treatment completed and cured, and ‘No’ was assigned to all the remaining outcomes following the standard TB definition. Independent variables included in the analysis were the patient’s socio-demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, distance from the facility, marital status, family type, education, and computed socioeconomic status from modified DHS household assets), clinical and facility parameters (such as the HIV status, facility of access to healthcare, healthcare workers attitudes, services offered at the facility, appearance of the facility, number of people seeking care and waiting time at the facility). Bivariate analysis showed that HIV status (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.83–6.82; <i>p</i> = 0.001), healthcare worker attitude (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.21–3.74; <i>p</i> = 0.01), services offered at the facility (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92; <i>p</i> = 0.01), appearance of facility (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98; <i>p</i> = 0.04), and number of people seeking care (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.72–3.55; <i>p</i> = 0.001) were associated with higher odds of successful treatment outcome with statistical significance. After multivariate analysis, reactive HIV status (aOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.67–6.80; <i>p</i> = 0.001), positive attitude of healthcare workers (aOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.36–4.89; <i>p</i> = 0.04), excellent services offered at the healthcare facility (aOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.78; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and few people seeking care (aOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.21–3.84; <i>p</i> = 0.001) became independent significant determinants of successful treatment outcome. The study concluded that reactive HIV status, positive attitude of healthcare workers, few people seeking healthcare, and excellent service provided were all factors that contributed to successful treatment outcomes.
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spelling doaj.art-f153fc84c7c54dc1ba83fcecb7c1f3792023-11-30T22:36:12ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662022-08-017819410.3390/tropicalmed7080194Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional StudyOlanrewaju Oladimeji0Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji1Mirabel Nanjoh2Lucas Banda3Olukayode Ademola Adeleke4Teke Apalata5Jabu Mbokazi6Francis Leonard Mpotte Hyera7Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaMedical Education Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Family Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaOffice of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape, South AfricaTuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases, and preventing treatment failure is critical. This is because TB cases pose a risk to the immediate and remote communities due to the potential for spread, particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Hence, this study looked at the factors that influence TB treatment outcomes in Southwest Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 712 TB patients from 25 directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centers, out of which 566 (79.49%) were new treatment cases, and 102 (14.33%) were retreatment cases. The outcome variable was computed into successful treatment where ‘Yes’ was assigned to TB treatment completed and cured, and ‘No’ was assigned to all the remaining outcomes following the standard TB definition. Independent variables included in the analysis were the patient’s socio-demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, distance from the facility, marital status, family type, education, and computed socioeconomic status from modified DHS household assets), clinical and facility parameters (such as the HIV status, facility of access to healthcare, healthcare workers attitudes, services offered at the facility, appearance of the facility, number of people seeking care and waiting time at the facility). Bivariate analysis showed that HIV status (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.83–6.82; <i>p</i> = 0.001), healthcare worker attitude (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.21–3.74; <i>p</i> = 0.01), services offered at the facility (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92; <i>p</i> = 0.01), appearance of facility (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98; <i>p</i> = 0.04), and number of people seeking care (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.72–3.55; <i>p</i> = 0.001) were associated with higher odds of successful treatment outcome with statistical significance. After multivariate analysis, reactive HIV status (aOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.67–6.80; <i>p</i> = 0.001), positive attitude of healthcare workers (aOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.36–4.89; <i>p</i> = 0.04), excellent services offered at the healthcare facility (aOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.78; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and few people seeking care (aOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.21–3.84; <i>p</i> = 0.001) became independent significant determinants of successful treatment outcome. The study concluded that reactive HIV status, positive attitude of healthcare workers, few people seeking healthcare, and excellent service provided were all factors that contributed to successful treatment outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/8/194tuberculosismultidrug-resistant (MDR) strainssuccessful treatment outcome
spellingShingle Olanrewaju Oladimeji
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji
Mirabel Nanjoh
Lucas Banda
Olukayode Ademola Adeleke
Teke Apalata
Jabu Mbokazi
Francis Leonard Mpotte Hyera
Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
tuberculosis
multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains
successful treatment outcome
title Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Contributory Factors to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort contributory factors to successful tuberculosis treatment in southwest nigeria a cross sectional study
topic tuberculosis
multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains
successful treatment outcome
url https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/8/194
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