Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome
Gut microbiota plays essential roles in maintaining gut homeostasis. The composition of gut microbes and their metabolites are altered in response to diet and remedial agents such as antibiotics. However, little is known about the effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and their volatile metabo...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/9/351 |
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| author | Jisun H. J. Lee Jiangjiang Zhu |
| author_facet | Jisun H. J. Lee Jiangjiang Zhu |
| author_sort | Jisun H. J. Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gut microbiota plays essential roles in maintaining gut homeostasis. The composition of gut microbes and their metabolites are altered in response to diet and remedial agents such as antibiotics. However, little is known about the effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and their volatile metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a moderate level of ampicillin treatment on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of gut microbial cultures using an optimized real-time secondary electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). To evaluate the ionization efficiency, different types of electrospray solvents and concentrations of formic acid as an additive (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) were tested using VFAs standard mixture (C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>7</sub>). As a result, the maximum SESI-HRMS signals of all studied m/z values were observed from water with 0.01% formic acid than those from the aqueous methanolic solutions. Optimal temperatures of sample inlet and ion chamber were set at 130 °C and 85 °C, respectively. SESI spray pressure at 0.5 bar generated the maximum intensity than other tested values. The optimized SESI-HRMS was then used for the analysis of VFAs in gut microbial cultures. We detected that the significantly elevated C<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>7</sub> VFAs in the headspace of gut microbial cultures six hours after ampicillin treatment (1 mg/L). In conclusion, our results suggested that the optimized SESI-HRMS method can be suitable for the analysis of VFAs from gut microbes in a rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive manner. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:25Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-f15d3a278d4a45149033c1323e1e494f2023-11-20T11:44:29ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-08-0110935110.3390/metabo10090351Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut MicrobiomeJisun H. J. Lee0Jiangjiang Zhu1Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAGut microbiota plays essential roles in maintaining gut homeostasis. The composition of gut microbes and their metabolites are altered in response to diet and remedial agents such as antibiotics. However, little is known about the effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and their volatile metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a moderate level of ampicillin treatment on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of gut microbial cultures using an optimized real-time secondary electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). To evaluate the ionization efficiency, different types of electrospray solvents and concentrations of formic acid as an additive (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) were tested using VFAs standard mixture (C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>7</sub>). As a result, the maximum SESI-HRMS signals of all studied m/z values were observed from water with 0.01% formic acid than those from the aqueous methanolic solutions. Optimal temperatures of sample inlet and ion chamber were set at 130 °C and 85 °C, respectively. SESI spray pressure at 0.5 bar generated the maximum intensity than other tested values. The optimized SESI-HRMS was then used for the analysis of VFAs in gut microbial cultures. We detected that the significantly elevated C<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>7</sub> VFAs in the headspace of gut microbial cultures six hours after ampicillin treatment (1 mg/L). In conclusion, our results suggested that the optimized SESI-HRMS method can be suitable for the analysis of VFAs from gut microbes in a rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive manner.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/9/351secondary electrospray ionization (SESI)volatile fatty acids (VFAs)gut microbial metabolismantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Jisun H. J. Lee Jiangjiang Zhu Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome Metabolites secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) volatile fatty acids (VFAs) gut microbial metabolism antibiotics |
| title | Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome |
| title_full | Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome |
| title_short | Optimizing Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) for the Analysis of Volatile Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiome |
| title_sort | optimizing secondary electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry sesi hrms for the analysis of volatile fatty acids from gut microbiome |
| topic | secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) volatile fatty acids (VFAs) gut microbial metabolism antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/9/351 |
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