Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
The process–structure–property relationships of copper laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-produced parts made of high purity copper powder (99.9 wt %) are examined in this work. A nominal laser beam diameter of 100 μm with a continuous wavelength of 1080 nm was employed. A wide range of process paramet...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2945 |
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| author | Mohamed Abdelhafiz Kassim S. Al-Rubaie Ali Emadi Mohamed A. Elbestawi |
| author_facet | Mohamed Abdelhafiz Kassim S. Al-Rubaie Ali Emadi Mohamed A. Elbestawi |
| author_sort | Mohamed Abdelhafiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The process–structure–property relationships of copper laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-produced parts made of high purity copper powder (99.9 wt %) are examined in this work. A nominal laser beam diameter of 100 μm with a continuous wavelength of 1080 nm was employed. A wide range of process parameters was considered in this study, including five levels of laser power in the range of 200 to 370 W, nine levels of scanning speed from 200 to 700 mm/s, six levels of hatch spacing from 50 to 150 μm, and two layer thickness values of 30 μm and 40 μm. The influence of preheating was also investigated. A maximum relative density of 96% was obtained at a laser power of 370 W, scanning speed of 500 mm/s, and hatch spacing of 100 μm. The results illustrated the significant influence of some parameters such as laser power and hatch spacing on the part quality. In addition, surface integrity was evaluated by surface roughness measurements, where the optimum Ra was measured at 8 μm ± 0.5 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on the as-built samples to assess the impact of impurities on the L-PBF part characteristics. The highest electrical conductivity recorded for the optimum density-low contaminated coils was 81% IACS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:54:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f161e350f2524333a6d4527f1ba49aac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:54:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f161e350f2524333a6d4527f1ba49aac2023-11-21T22:02:21ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-05-011411294510.3390/ma14112945Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed FusionMohamed Abdelhafiz0Kassim S. Al-Rubaie1Ali Emadi2Mohamed A. Elbestawi3Additive Manufacturing Group (AMG), Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, CanadaAdditive Manufacturing Group (AMG), Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, CanadaDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaAdditive Manufacturing Group (AMG), Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, CanadaThe process–structure–property relationships of copper laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-produced parts made of high purity copper powder (99.9 wt %) are examined in this work. A nominal laser beam diameter of 100 μm with a continuous wavelength of 1080 nm was employed. A wide range of process parameters was considered in this study, including five levels of laser power in the range of 200 to 370 W, nine levels of scanning speed from 200 to 700 mm/s, six levels of hatch spacing from 50 to 150 μm, and two layer thickness values of 30 μm and 40 μm. The influence of preheating was also investigated. A maximum relative density of 96% was obtained at a laser power of 370 W, scanning speed of 500 mm/s, and hatch spacing of 100 μm. The results illustrated the significant influence of some parameters such as laser power and hatch spacing on the part quality. In addition, surface integrity was evaluated by surface roughness measurements, where the optimum Ra was measured at 8 μm ± 0.5 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on the as-built samples to assess the impact of impurities on the L-PBF part characteristics. The highest electrical conductivity recorded for the optimum density-low contaminated coils was 81% IACS.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2945additive manufacturinglaser powder bed fusionpure copperprocess–structure–property relationshipsphysical propertieschemical concentration |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Abdelhafiz Kassim S. Al-Rubaie Ali Emadi Mohamed A. Elbestawi Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Materials additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion pure copper process–structure–property relationships physical properties chemical concentration |
| title | Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_full | Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_fullStr | Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_short | Process–Structure–Property Relationships of Copper Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_sort | process structure property relationships of copper parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion |
| topic | additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion pure copper process–structure–property relationships physical properties chemical concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2945 |
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