Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Demand for cannabinoid is growing, with the global market expected to reach $9.69 billion by 2025. Understanding how chemical composition changes in hemp at different harvest times is crucial to maximizing this industrial crop value. Important compositional changes in three different compound classe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211699 |
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| author | Pakin Noppawan Camille Bainier Alexandra Lanot Simon McQueen-Mason Nontipa Supanchaiyamat Thomas M. Attard Andrew J. Hunt |
| author_facet | Pakin Noppawan Camille Bainier Alexandra Lanot Simon McQueen-Mason Nontipa Supanchaiyamat Thomas M. Attard Andrew J. Hunt |
| author_sort | Pakin Noppawan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Demand for cannabinoid is growing, with the global market expected to reach $9.69 billion by 2025. Understanding how chemical composition changes in hemp at different harvest times is crucial to maximizing this industrial crop value. Important compositional changes in three different compound classes (essential oils, cannabinoids, and lipids) from inflorescences (tops), leaves, and stems of hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Finola variety) at different harvesting stages have been investigated. Over 85% of the total extracts from the tops were cannabinoids, while leaves demonstrated the greatest quantities of wax ester and sterols. Essential oil and cannabinoid increased in tops until full flowering (third harvest), reaching 2030 µg g−1 and 39 475 µg g−1, respectively. Cannabinoids decreased at seed maturity (final harvest) to 26 969 µg g−1. This demonstrates the importance of early harvesting to maximize cannabidiol (CBD), which is highly sought after for its therapeutic and pharmacological properties. A total of 21 161 µg g−1 of CBD was extracted from the tops at full flowering (third harvest); however, a significant increase (63%) in the banned psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was observed from budding (157 µg g−1 of biomass) to the full flowering (9873 µg g−1 of biomass). Harvesting the tops after budding is preferable due to the high CBD content and low amounts of THC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:28:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f164ec624a8549d2afb50ebe9f7d0684 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:28:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f164ec624a8549d2afb50ebe9f7d06842023-04-28T10:52:23ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032022-06-019610.1098/rsos.211699Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Pakin Noppawan0Camille Bainier1Alexandra Lanot2Simon McQueen-Mason3Nontipa Supanchaiyamat4Thomas M. Attard5Andrew J. Hunt6Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UKMaterials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandRX Extraction Ltd., Unit 10, Rowen Trade Estate, Neville Road, Bradford BD4 8TQ, UKMaterials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDemand for cannabinoid is growing, with the global market expected to reach $9.69 billion by 2025. Understanding how chemical composition changes in hemp at different harvest times is crucial to maximizing this industrial crop value. Important compositional changes in three different compound classes (essential oils, cannabinoids, and lipids) from inflorescences (tops), leaves, and stems of hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Finola variety) at different harvesting stages have been investigated. Over 85% of the total extracts from the tops were cannabinoids, while leaves demonstrated the greatest quantities of wax ester and sterols. Essential oil and cannabinoid increased in tops until full flowering (third harvest), reaching 2030 µg g−1 and 39 475 µg g−1, respectively. Cannabinoids decreased at seed maturity (final harvest) to 26 969 µg g−1. This demonstrates the importance of early harvesting to maximize cannabidiol (CBD), which is highly sought after for its therapeutic and pharmacological properties. A total of 21 161 µg g−1 of CBD was extracted from the tops at full flowering (third harvest); however, a significant increase (63%) in the banned psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was observed from budding (157 µg g−1 of biomass) to the full flowering (9873 µg g−1 of biomass). Harvesting the tops after budding is preferable due to the high CBD content and low amounts of THC.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211699hempcompositioncannabidiolwaxestetrahydrocannabinolextraction |
| spellingShingle | Pakin Noppawan Camille Bainier Alexandra Lanot Simon McQueen-Mason Nontipa Supanchaiyamat Thomas M. Attard Andrew J. Hunt Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Royal Society Open Science hemp composition cannabidiol waxes tetrahydrocannabinol extraction |
| title | Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) |
| title_full | Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) |
| title_short | Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) |
| title_sort | effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils cannabinoids and waxes of hemp cannabis sativa l |
| topic | hemp composition cannabidiol waxes tetrahydrocannabinol extraction |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211699 |
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