The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Background and Objectives: People frequently utilize dietary supplements (DS), notably during the COVID-19 epidemic, despite the lack of data supporting their usefulness and safety in enhancing general health. This study aimed to measure the consumption of DS in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. Previou...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016423002748 |
| _version_ | 1797683172284039168 |
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| author | Wedad Azhar Kholod Al-Otaibi Wafaa F. Abusudah Firas Azzeh Alaa Qhadi Walaa E. Alhassani Najlaa H. Almohmadi Taqwa Bushnaq Bayan Tashkandi Nouf Abdullah Alharbi Abrar Babteen Mai Ghabashi Yara Kamfar Khloud Ghafouri |
| author_facet | Wedad Azhar Kholod Al-Otaibi Wafaa F. Abusudah Firas Azzeh Alaa Qhadi Walaa E. Alhassani Najlaa H. Almohmadi Taqwa Bushnaq Bayan Tashkandi Nouf Abdullah Alharbi Abrar Babteen Mai Ghabashi Yara Kamfar Khloud Ghafouri |
| author_sort | Wedad Azhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Objectives: People frequently utilize dietary supplements (DS), notably during the COVID-19 epidemic, despite the lack of data supporting their usefulness and safety in enhancing general health. This study aimed to measure the consumption of DS in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. Previous studies focused on using dietary supplements for preventing or reducing mental health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1572 participants aged 18–65, from all-over Saudi Arabia who were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire to measure the consumption of supplements during the pandemic lockdown period. Also, it investigates the factor that effect supplements consumption. Results: Around 63% of the participants did not change their consumption patterns during the pandemic, while 16% consumed more and 21.4% consumed fewer supplements during the pandemic. The most commonly used supplements were iron; calcium, especially among pregnant women; omega-3, especially in people older than 65 years; and vitamin D. Females (81%; P < 0.002); age (94.7%; P < 0.002); married people (84%; P < 0.001); those with a higher educational level (83.9%; P = 0.02); those with a higher monthly income (86.1%; P = 0.006); and pregnant women (100%; P < 0.007) reported the highest rates of consumption. Conclusion: Dietary supplements have recently become popular in Saudi Arabia, but large differences remain between Saudis in their consumption of supplements. Additional research should be conducted to examine the level of knowledge of dietary supplements among Saudi population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:11:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f16ad2a3312942e1abce432286f373eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1319-0164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:11:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f16ad2a3312942e1abce432286f373eb2023-09-16T05:29:01ZengElsevierSaudi Pharmaceutical Journal1319-01642023-10-013110101779The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional studyWedad Azhar0Kholod Al-Otaibi1Wafaa F. Abusudah2Firas Azzeh3Alaa Qhadi4Walaa E. Alhassani5Najlaa H. Almohmadi6Taqwa Bushnaq7Bayan Tashkandi8Nouf Abdullah Alharbi9Abrar Babteen10Mai Ghabashi11Yara Kamfar12Khloud Ghafouri13Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaFood and Nutrition Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, Arar 91431, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaPharamcy Department, King Abdullah Medical City, P.O. Box 57657, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaClinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Background and Objectives: People frequently utilize dietary supplements (DS), notably during the COVID-19 epidemic, despite the lack of data supporting their usefulness and safety in enhancing general health. This study aimed to measure the consumption of DS in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. Previous studies focused on using dietary supplements for preventing or reducing mental health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1572 participants aged 18–65, from all-over Saudi Arabia who were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire to measure the consumption of supplements during the pandemic lockdown period. Also, it investigates the factor that effect supplements consumption. Results: Around 63% of the participants did not change their consumption patterns during the pandemic, while 16% consumed more and 21.4% consumed fewer supplements during the pandemic. The most commonly used supplements were iron; calcium, especially among pregnant women; omega-3, especially in people older than 65 years; and vitamin D. Females (81%; P < 0.002); age (94.7%; P < 0.002); married people (84%; P < 0.001); those with a higher educational level (83.9%; P = 0.02); those with a higher monthly income (86.1%; P = 0.006); and pregnant women (100%; P < 0.007) reported the highest rates of consumption. Conclusion: Dietary supplements have recently become popular in Saudi Arabia, but large differences remain between Saudis in their consumption of supplements. Additional research should be conducted to examine the level of knowledge of dietary supplements among Saudi population.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016423002748SupplementsQuarantineImmunityHome confinementCOVID-19Minerals |
| spellingShingle | Wedad Azhar Kholod Al-Otaibi Wafaa F. Abusudah Firas Azzeh Alaa Qhadi Walaa E. Alhassani Najlaa H. Almohmadi Taqwa Bushnaq Bayan Tashkandi Nouf Abdullah Alharbi Abrar Babteen Mai Ghabashi Yara Kamfar Khloud Ghafouri The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Supplements Quarantine Immunity Home confinement COVID-19 Minerals |
| title | The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full | The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study |
| title_short | The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | consumption of dietary supplements in saudi arabia during the covid 19 pandemic a cross sectional study |
| topic | Supplements Quarantine Immunity Home confinement COVID-19 Minerals |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016423002748 |
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