Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish
In laboratory experiments, variously colored strains of animals, including those with albino phenotypes, are commonly used. The melanocortin theory suggests, however, that coloration phenotypes alter animal physiology and behavior. Animals with the albino phenotype show photoreceptor degradation ass...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.890874/full |
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| author | Tereza Valchářová Ondřej Slavík Pavel Horký Alžběta Stará Iveta Hrušková Matúš Maciak Michal Pešta Josef Velíšek |
| author_facet | Tereza Valchářová Ondřej Slavík Pavel Horký Alžběta Stará Iveta Hrušková Matúš Maciak Michal Pešta Josef Velíšek |
| author_sort | Tereza Valchářová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In laboratory experiments, variously colored strains of animals, including those with albino phenotypes, are commonly used. The melanocortin theory suggests, however, that coloration phenotypes alter animal physiology and behavior. Animals with the albino phenotype show photoreceptor degradation associated with lowered visual accuracy, escape reactions, etc., presumably accompanied by prevailing nocturnal activity and lowered aggressiveness. This assumption was tested in small groups of albino and pigmented European catfish, Silurus glanis, during the diel cycle. The frequency of agonistic interactions was observed during mutual contests for shelters, and subsequently, blood plasma, brain, gill, and liver samples were collected to evaluate stress parameters. In an experimental arena with shelters, the light/dark rhythmicity of locomotor activity and aggressiveness of the two phenotypes were comparable; the peak was observed at night, and a lower peak was observed at dawn. In an experimental stream without shelters, the peak of locomotor activity occurred at night for only the pigmented phenotype. In the evaluation of 4 antioxidants and 1 oxidative stress indicator, representing a total of 15 indices, albino fish showed significant rhythmicity for 8 indices, whereas pigmented catfish showed significant rhythmicity for 5 indices. The production of blood stress parameters with the peak during the day occurred only in albino fish. A complex model was fitted with the aim of evaluating the links between behavioral and biochemical indices. Time periodicity was modeled using a sine wave and confirmed parallel courses of agonistic interactions in the catfish groups; the peak at dawn was associated with a 4.08-fold (conf. int. 3.53–4.7) increase in such interactions. The changes in glucose and superoxide dismutase concentrations varied with phenotype, while the effects of cortisol, lactate and catalase did not. In summary, the rhythmicity of locomotor activity and changes in the aggressiveness of catfish were influenced by shelter availability, and the effect of light-induced stress was more apparent in albino fish than in pigmented conspecific fish. The results suggested that laboratory-raised animals with pigmentation patterns naturally occurring in the wild show more reasonable values during experiments than those with an albino phenotype. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:19:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1739d76329d4d4badd46e9bae7941a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:19:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1739d76329d4d4badd46e9bae7941a52022-12-22T01:54:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2022-07-011010.3389/fevo.2022.890874890874Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented FishTereza Valchářová0Ondřej Slavík1Pavel Horký2Alžběta Stará3Iveta Hrušková4Matúš Maciak5Michal Pešta6Josef Velíšek7Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, CzechiaFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemia Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, CzechiaDepartment of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, CzechiaDepartment of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, CzechiaFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemia Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, CzechiaIn laboratory experiments, variously colored strains of animals, including those with albino phenotypes, are commonly used. The melanocortin theory suggests, however, that coloration phenotypes alter animal physiology and behavior. Animals with the albino phenotype show photoreceptor degradation associated with lowered visual accuracy, escape reactions, etc., presumably accompanied by prevailing nocturnal activity and lowered aggressiveness. This assumption was tested in small groups of albino and pigmented European catfish, Silurus glanis, during the diel cycle. The frequency of agonistic interactions was observed during mutual contests for shelters, and subsequently, blood plasma, brain, gill, and liver samples were collected to evaluate stress parameters. In an experimental arena with shelters, the light/dark rhythmicity of locomotor activity and aggressiveness of the two phenotypes were comparable; the peak was observed at night, and a lower peak was observed at dawn. In an experimental stream without shelters, the peak of locomotor activity occurred at night for only the pigmented phenotype. In the evaluation of 4 antioxidants and 1 oxidative stress indicator, representing a total of 15 indices, albino fish showed significant rhythmicity for 8 indices, whereas pigmented catfish showed significant rhythmicity for 5 indices. The production of blood stress parameters with the peak during the day occurred only in albino fish. A complex model was fitted with the aim of evaluating the links between behavioral and biochemical indices. Time periodicity was modeled using a sine wave and confirmed parallel courses of agonistic interactions in the catfish groups; the peak at dawn was associated with a 4.08-fold (conf. int. 3.53–4.7) increase in such interactions. The changes in glucose and superoxide dismutase concentrations varied with phenotype, while the effects of cortisol, lactate and catalase did not. In summary, the rhythmicity of locomotor activity and changes in the aggressiveness of catfish were influenced by shelter availability, and the effect of light-induced stress was more apparent in albino fish than in pigmented conspecific fish. The results suggested that laboratory-raised animals with pigmentation patterns naturally occurring in the wild show more reasonable values during experiments than those with an albino phenotype.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.890874/fullalbinismmelanocortin theorylocomotor activityaggressivenessoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Tereza Valchářová Ondřej Slavík Pavel Horký Alžběta Stará Iveta Hrušková Matúš Maciak Michal Pešta Josef Velíšek Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution albinism melanocortin theory locomotor activity aggressiveness oxidative stress |
| title | Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish |
| title_full | Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish |
| title_fullStr | Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish |
| title_short | Stressful Daylight: Differences in Diel Rhythmicity Between Albino and Pigmented Fish |
| title_sort | stressful daylight differences in diel rhythmicity between albino and pigmented fish |
| topic | albinism melanocortin theory locomotor activity aggressiveness oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.890874/full |
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