Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Abstract Patients with liver diseases are at high risk for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The liver is an important organ that regulates a complex network of mediators and modulates organ interactions during inflammatory disorders. Liver function is increasingly recog...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-020-00337-9 |
| _version_ | 1818386590338121728 |
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| author | Raquel Herrero Gema Sánchez Iris Asensio Eva López Antonio Ferruelo Javier Vaquero Laura Moreno Alba de Lorenzo Rafael Bañares José A. Lorente |
| author_facet | Raquel Herrero Gema Sánchez Iris Asensio Eva López Antonio Ferruelo Javier Vaquero Laura Moreno Alba de Lorenzo Rafael Bañares José A. Lorente |
| author_sort | Raquel Herrero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Patients with liver diseases are at high risk for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The liver is an important organ that regulates a complex network of mediators and modulates organ interactions during inflammatory disorders. Liver function is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of the pathogenesis and resolution of ARDS, significantly influencing the prognosis of these patients. The liver plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins, metabolism of toxins and drugs, and in the modulation of immunity and host defense. However, the tools for assessing liver function are limited in the clinical setting, and patients with liver diseases are frequently excluded from clinical studies of ARDS. Therefore, the mechanisms by which the liver participates in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury are not totally understood. Several functions of the liver, including endotoxin and bacterial clearance, release and clearance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids, and synthesis of acute-phase proteins can modulate lung injury in the setting of sepsis and other severe inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarized clinical and experimental support for the notion that the liver critically regulates systemic and pulmonary responses following inflammatory insults. Although promoting inflammation can be detrimental in the context of acute lung injury, the liver response to an inflammatory insult is also pro-defense and pro-survival. A better understanding of the liver–lung axis will provide valuable insights into new diagnostic targets and therapeutic strategies for clinical intervention in patients with or at risk for ARDS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:56:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f189efa7679744c58bd3826de68f6147 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2197-425X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:56:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental |
| spelling | doaj.art-f189efa7679744c58bd3826de68f61472022-12-21T23:18:05ZengSpringerOpenIntensive Care Medicine Experimental2197-425X2020-12-018S111310.1186/s40635-020-00337-9Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndromeRaquel Herrero0Gema Sánchez1Iris Asensio2Eva López3Antonio Ferruelo4Javier Vaquero5Laura Moreno6Alba de Lorenzo7Rafael Bañares8José A. Lorente9Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de GetafeFundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de GetafeServicio de Aparato Digestivo. HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de GetafeCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos IIIServicio de Aparato Digestivo. HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos IIIFundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de GetafeServicio de Aparato Digestivo. HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de GetafeAbstract Patients with liver diseases are at high risk for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The liver is an important organ that regulates a complex network of mediators and modulates organ interactions during inflammatory disorders. Liver function is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of the pathogenesis and resolution of ARDS, significantly influencing the prognosis of these patients. The liver plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins, metabolism of toxins and drugs, and in the modulation of immunity and host defense. However, the tools for assessing liver function are limited in the clinical setting, and patients with liver diseases are frequently excluded from clinical studies of ARDS. Therefore, the mechanisms by which the liver participates in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury are not totally understood. Several functions of the liver, including endotoxin and bacterial clearance, release and clearance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids, and synthesis of acute-phase proteins can modulate lung injury in the setting of sepsis and other severe inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarized clinical and experimental support for the notion that the liver critically regulates systemic and pulmonary responses following inflammatory insults. Although promoting inflammation can be detrimental in the context of acute lung injury, the liver response to an inflammatory insult is also pro-defense and pro-survival. A better understanding of the liver–lung axis will provide valuable insights into new diagnostic targets and therapeutic strategies for clinical intervention in patients with or at risk for ARDS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-020-00337-9Liver–lung interactionAcute respiratory distress syndromeLiver dysfunctionMechanismsImmunomodulationAcute-phase response |
| spellingShingle | Raquel Herrero Gema Sánchez Iris Asensio Eva López Antonio Ferruelo Javier Vaquero Laura Moreno Alba de Lorenzo Rafael Bañares José A. Lorente Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome Intensive Care Medicine Experimental Liver–lung interaction Acute respiratory distress syndrome Liver dysfunction Mechanisms Immunomodulation Acute-phase response |
| title | Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| title_full | Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| title_short | Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| title_sort | liver lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| topic | Liver–lung interaction Acute respiratory distress syndrome Liver dysfunction Mechanisms Immunomodulation Acute-phase response |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-020-00337-9 |
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