Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is the most common bacterial infection worldwide, is usually acquired during childhood and is related to gastric carcinogenesis during adulthood. Therefore, its early proper diagnosis and subsequent successful eradication represen...

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Main Authors: Cristina Oana Mărginean, Lorena Elena Meliț, Maria Oana Săsăran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-07-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/7/994
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author Cristina Oana Mărginean
Lorena Elena Meliț
Maria Oana Săsăran
author_facet Cristina Oana Mărginean
Lorena Elena Meliț
Maria Oana Săsăran
author_sort Cristina Oana Mărginean
collection DOAJ
description <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is the most common bacterial infection worldwide, is usually acquired during childhood and is related to gastric carcinogenesis during adulthood. Therefore, its early proper diagnosis and subsequent successful eradication represent the cornerstones of gastric cancer prevention. The aim of this narrative review was to assess traditional and modern diagnostic methods in terms of <i>H. pylori</i> diagnosis. Several invasive and non-invasive methods were described, each with its pros and cons. The invasive diagnostic methods comprise endoscopy with biopsy, rapid urease tests, histopathological exams, cultures and biopsy-based molecular tests. Among these, probably the most available, accurate and cost-effective test remains histology, albeit molecular tests definitely remain the most accurate despite their high costs. The non-invasive tests consist of urea breath tests, serology, stool antigens and non-invasive molecular tests. Urea breath tests and stool antigens are the most useful in clinical practice both for the diagnosis of <i>H. pylori</i> infection and for monitoring the eradication of this infection after therapy. The challenges related to accurate diagnosis lead to a choice that must be based on <i>H. pylori</i> virulence, environmental factors and host peculiarities.
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spelling doaj.art-f1982d1cac544cc2a582ea6552bc32ee2023-12-03T14:51:08ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672022-07-019799410.3390/children9070994Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> InfectionCristina Oana Mărginean0Lorena Elena Meliț1Maria Oana Săsăran2Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is the most common bacterial infection worldwide, is usually acquired during childhood and is related to gastric carcinogenesis during adulthood. Therefore, its early proper diagnosis and subsequent successful eradication represent the cornerstones of gastric cancer prevention. The aim of this narrative review was to assess traditional and modern diagnostic methods in terms of <i>H. pylori</i> diagnosis. Several invasive and non-invasive methods were described, each with its pros and cons. The invasive diagnostic methods comprise endoscopy with biopsy, rapid urease tests, histopathological exams, cultures and biopsy-based molecular tests. Among these, probably the most available, accurate and cost-effective test remains histology, albeit molecular tests definitely remain the most accurate despite their high costs. The non-invasive tests consist of urea breath tests, serology, stool antigens and non-invasive molecular tests. Urea breath tests and stool antigens are the most useful in clinical practice both for the diagnosis of <i>H. pylori</i> infection and for monitoring the eradication of this infection after therapy. The challenges related to accurate diagnosis lead to a choice that must be based on <i>H. pylori</i> virulence, environmental factors and host peculiarities.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/7/994traditional and modern diagnostic approaches<i>H. pylori</i> infectionchildren
spellingShingle Cristina Oana Mărginean
Lorena Elena Meliț
Maria Oana Săsăran
Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
Children
traditional and modern diagnostic approaches
<i>H. pylori</i> infection
children
title Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
title_full Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
title_fullStr Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
title_full_unstemmed Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
title_short Traditional and Modern Diagnostic Approaches in Diagnosing Pediatric <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
title_sort traditional and modern diagnostic approaches in diagnosing pediatric i helicobacter pylori i infection
topic traditional and modern diagnostic approaches
<i>H. pylori</i> infection
children
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/7/994
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