The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China
The Sichuan Province, located in Southwest China, is one of China’s main maize-producing areas, and is also an important node along the north-south migratory pathways that pests follow within China. After its invasion, the fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith), was fo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/10/935 |
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| author | Chunxian Jiang Xueyan Zhang Jiaqi Wu Chuanhong Feng Li Ma Gao Hu Qing Li |
| author_facet | Chunxian Jiang Xueyan Zhang Jiaqi Wu Chuanhong Feng Li Ma Gao Hu Qing Li |
| author_sort | Chunxian Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Sichuan Province, located in Southwest China, is one of China’s main maize-producing areas, and is also an important node along the north-south migratory pathways that pests follow within China. After its invasion, the fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith), was found in 70.81% of all counties in Sichuan. However, FAW source areas and their migratory pathways into Sichuan remain unclear. This study simulated FAW sources and their migratory pathways into Sichuan during 2020 and 2021 using the trajectory simulation platform HYSPLIT with flight behavior parameters. Additionally, the seasonal horizontal wind field was also analyzed with the meteorological graphics processing software GrADS. The results showed that sporadic FAW migration into Sichuan began in April. By May, FAWs were found in much of the Sichuan Basin and moved further north and west in June. Except for year-round breeding areas, FAW sources varied monthly and expanded northward and eastward. The source areas were concentrated in Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, and Myanmar on the western pathway of national migration and also in Vietnam, Guangxi, and Hunan of the eastern pathway. At various times, parts of Sichuan have also served as sources for other parts of Sichuan. FAWs migrated to Sichuan from the source areas via 6 potential pathways, 1 pathway into southwest Sichuan and 5 pathways into the Sichuan basin. The southwestern airflow from the Bay of Bengal, the southeastern airflow controlled by the western Pacific subtropical high, and the local topographically influenced airflow could provide the airflow needed for FAW migration. This work provides new information that can assist the monitoring and warning of the presence of FAW and support integrated management strategies for this pest in Sichuan and throughout China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:04:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1a30e27f6d64542b82d7b8c0e566707 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:04:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1a30e27f6d64542b82d7b8c0e5667072023-11-24T00:38:20ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-10-01131093510.3390/insects13100935The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, ChinaChunxian Jiang0Xueyan Zhang1Jiaqi Wu2Chuanhong Feng3Li Ma4Gao Hu5Qing Li6College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaPlant Protection Station, Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, ChinaPlant Protection Station, Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaThe Sichuan Province, located in Southwest China, is one of China’s main maize-producing areas, and is also an important node along the north-south migratory pathways that pests follow within China. After its invasion, the fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith), was found in 70.81% of all counties in Sichuan. However, FAW source areas and their migratory pathways into Sichuan remain unclear. This study simulated FAW sources and their migratory pathways into Sichuan during 2020 and 2021 using the trajectory simulation platform HYSPLIT with flight behavior parameters. Additionally, the seasonal horizontal wind field was also analyzed with the meteorological graphics processing software GrADS. The results showed that sporadic FAW migration into Sichuan began in April. By May, FAWs were found in much of the Sichuan Basin and moved further north and west in June. Except for year-round breeding areas, FAW sources varied monthly and expanded northward and eastward. The source areas were concentrated in Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, and Myanmar on the western pathway of national migration and also in Vietnam, Guangxi, and Hunan of the eastern pathway. At various times, parts of Sichuan have also served as sources for other parts of Sichuan. FAWs migrated to Sichuan from the source areas via 6 potential pathways, 1 pathway into southwest Sichuan and 5 pathways into the Sichuan basin. The southwestern airflow from the Bay of Bengal, the southeastern airflow controlled by the western Pacific subtropical high, and the local topographically influenced airflow could provide the airflow needed for FAW migration. This work provides new information that can assist the monitoring and warning of the presence of FAW and support integrated management strategies for this pest in Sichuan and throughout China.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/10/935<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>source areasmigration trajectoryHYSPLITtrajectory analysis |
| spellingShingle | Chunxian Jiang Xueyan Zhang Jiaqi Wu Chuanhong Feng Li Ma Gao Hu Qing Li The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China Insects <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> source areas migration trajectory HYSPLIT trajectory analysis |
| title | The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China |
| title_full | The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China |
| title_fullStr | The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China |
| title_short | The Source Areas and Migratory Pathways of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Sichuan Province, China |
| title_sort | source areas and migratory pathways of the fall armyworm i spodoptera frugiperda i smith in sichuan province china |
| topic | <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> source areas migration trajectory HYSPLIT trajectory analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/10/935 |
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