Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (P)/alginate (A)/MMT (M) (PAM) composite aerogels was modified through interpenetrating cross-linking of methyltriethoxysilane (Ms) or γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (K) and calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) as a cross-linking agent, respectively. The compressive moduli of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/657 |
| _version_ | 1797623434604183552 |
|---|---|
| author | Ningjing Wu Shanshan Deng Fei Wang Mohan Wang Mingfeng Xia Hongli Cui Haoyi Jia |
| author_facet | Ningjing Wu Shanshan Deng Fei Wang Mohan Wang Mingfeng Xia Hongli Cui Haoyi Jia |
| author_sort | Ningjing Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poly(vinyl alcohol) (P)/alginate (A)/MMT (M) (PAM) composite aerogels was modified through interpenetrating cross-linking of methyltriethoxysilane (Ms) or γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (K) and calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) as a cross-linking agent, respectively. The compressive moduli of the cross-linked PAM/MsCa and PAM/KCa aerogels greatly increased to 17.4 and 22.1 MPa, approximately 10.5- and 8.2-fold of that of PAM aerogel, respectively. The limited oxygen index (LOI) values for PAM/MsCa and PAM/KCa composite aerogels increased from 27.0% of PAM aerogel to 40.5% and 56.8%. Compared with non-cross-linked PAM aerogel, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PAM/MsCa and PAM/KCa composite aerogels dramatically decreased by 34% and 74%, respectively, whereas the PAM/KCa aerogel presented better flame retardancy and lower smoke toxicity than the PAM/MsCa aerogel because of the release of more inert gases and the barrier action of more compact char layer during the combustion. The highly efficient flame-retardant PAM-based composite aerogels with excellent mechanical properties are promising as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based foams. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:28:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1c2f132f4e440a599b7d8220796e40c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:28:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1c2f132f4e440a599b7d8220796e40c2023-11-16T17:48:42ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-01-0115365710.3390/polym15030657Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking NetworksNingjing Wu0Shanshan Deng1Fei Wang2Mohan Wang3Mingfeng Xia4Hongli Cui5Haoyi Jia6Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaPoly(vinyl alcohol) (P)/alginate (A)/MMT (M) (PAM) composite aerogels was modified through interpenetrating cross-linking of methyltriethoxysilane (Ms) or γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (K) and calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) as a cross-linking agent, respectively. The compressive moduli of the cross-linked PAM/MsCa and PAM/KCa aerogels greatly increased to 17.4 and 22.1 MPa, approximately 10.5- and 8.2-fold of that of PAM aerogel, respectively. The limited oxygen index (LOI) values for PAM/MsCa and PAM/KCa composite aerogels increased from 27.0% of PAM aerogel to 40.5% and 56.8%. Compared with non-cross-linked PAM aerogel, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PAM/MsCa and PAM/KCa composite aerogels dramatically decreased by 34% and 74%, respectively, whereas the PAM/KCa aerogel presented better flame retardancy and lower smoke toxicity than the PAM/MsCa aerogel because of the release of more inert gases and the barrier action of more compact char layer during the combustion. The highly efficient flame-retardant PAM-based composite aerogels with excellent mechanical properties are promising as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based foams.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/657poly(vinyl alcohol)composite aerogelflame retardancysilaneinterpenetrating cross-linking |
| spellingShingle | Ningjing Wu Shanshan Deng Fei Wang Mohan Wang Mingfeng Xia Hongli Cui Haoyi Jia Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks Polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogel flame retardancy silane interpenetrating cross-linking |
| title | Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks |
| title_full | Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks |
| title_fullStr | Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks |
| title_short | Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Enhanced PVA-Based Composite Aerogels through Interpenetrating Cross-Linking Networks |
| title_sort | highly efficient flame retardant and enhanced pva based composite aerogels through interpenetrating cross linking networks |
| topic | poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogel flame retardancy silane interpenetrating cross-linking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/657 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ningjingwu highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks AT shanshandeng highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks AT feiwang highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks AT mohanwang highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks AT mingfengxia highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks AT honglicui highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks AT haoyijia highlyefficientflameretardantandenhancedpvabasedcompositeaerogelsthroughinterpenetratingcrosslinkingnetworks |