The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass plays a fundamental role in health and issues associated with quality of life. Mechanical signals are one of the most potent regulators of muscle mass, with a decrease in mechanical loading leading to a decrease in muscle mass. This concept has been supported...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/24/2811 |
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| author | Ramy K. A. Sayed Jamie E. Hibbert Kent W. Jorgenson Troy A. Hornberger |
| author_facet | Ramy K. A. Sayed Jamie E. Hibbert Kent W. Jorgenson Troy A. Hornberger |
| author_sort | Ramy K. A. Sayed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass plays a fundamental role in health and issues associated with quality of life. Mechanical signals are one of the most potent regulators of muscle mass, with a decrease in mechanical loading leading to a decrease in muscle mass. This concept has been supported by a plethora of human- and animal-based studies over the past 100 years and has resulted in the commonly used term of ‘disuse atrophy’. These same studies have also provided a great deal of insight into the structural adaptations that mediate disuse-induced atrophy. For instance, disuse results in radial atrophy of fascicles, and this is driven, at least in part, by radial atrophy of the muscle fibers. However, the ultrastructural adaptations that mediate these changes remain far from defined. Indeed, even the most basic questions, such as whether the radial atrophy of muscle fibers is driven by the radial atrophy of myofibrils and/or myofibril hypoplasia, have yet to be answered. In this review, we thoroughly summarize what is known about the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural adaptations that mediated disuse-induced atrophy and highlight some of the major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:55:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1c55d416e1c49388712e1b965270770 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:55:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1c55d416e1c49388712e1b9652707702023-12-22T13:59:39ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-12-011224281110.3390/cells12242811The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal MuscleRamy K. A. Sayed0Jamie E. Hibbert1Kent W. Jorgenson2Troy A. Hornberger3Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAThe maintenance of skeletal muscle mass plays a fundamental role in health and issues associated with quality of life. Mechanical signals are one of the most potent regulators of muscle mass, with a decrease in mechanical loading leading to a decrease in muscle mass. This concept has been supported by a plethora of human- and animal-based studies over the past 100 years and has resulted in the commonly used term of ‘disuse atrophy’. These same studies have also provided a great deal of insight into the structural adaptations that mediate disuse-induced atrophy. For instance, disuse results in radial atrophy of fascicles, and this is driven, at least in part, by radial atrophy of the muscle fibers. However, the ultrastructural adaptations that mediate these changes remain far from defined. Indeed, even the most basic questions, such as whether the radial atrophy of muscle fibers is driven by the radial atrophy of myofibrils and/or myofibril hypoplasia, have yet to be answered. In this review, we thoroughly summarize what is known about the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural adaptations that mediated disuse-induced atrophy and highlight some of the major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/24/2811disusefasciclehypoplasialongitudinal atrophymuscle fibersmyofibril |
| spellingShingle | Ramy K. A. Sayed Jamie E. Hibbert Kent W. Jorgenson Troy A. Hornberger The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle Cells disuse fascicle hypoplasia longitudinal atrophy muscle fibers myofibril |
| title | The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle |
| title_full | The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle |
| title_fullStr | The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle |
| title_short | The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle |
| title_sort | structural adaptations that mediate disuse induced atrophy of skeletal muscle |
| topic | disuse fascicle hypoplasia longitudinal atrophy muscle fibers myofibril |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/24/2811 |
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