Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland
<p>With the EU-funded PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) project at the turn of this century, several deep boreholes (100 m<span class="inline-formula">+</span>) were drilled in European mountain sites, including in mainland Norway, Svalbard and Sweden. During other...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-12-01
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| Series: | The Cryosphere |
| Online Access: | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/5477/2023/tc-17-5477-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797382680136908800 |
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| author | B. Etzelmüller K. Isaksen J. Czekirda S. Westermann C. Hilbich C. Hauck |
| author_facet | B. Etzelmüller K. Isaksen J. Czekirda S. Westermann C. Hilbich C. Hauck |
| author_sort | B. Etzelmüller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>With the EU-funded PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) project at the turn of this century, several deep boreholes (100 m<span class="inline-formula">+</span>) were drilled in European mountain sites, including in mainland Norway, Svalbard and Sweden. During other projects from 2004 and the International Polar Year (IPY) period in 2006–2007, several additional boreholes were drilled in different sites in both Norway and Iceland, measuring temperatures along both altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. At most sites, multi-temporal geophysical soundings are available using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Here, we study the development of permafrost and ground temperatures in mainland Norway and Iceland based on these data sets. We document that permafrost in Norway and Iceland is warming at a high rate, including the development of taliks in both Norway and Iceland in response to global climate change during the last 20 years. At most sites, ground surface temperature (GST) is apparently increasing more strongly than surface air temperature (SAT). Changing snow conditions appear to be the most important factor for the higher GST rates. Modelling exercises also indicate that the talik development can be explained by both higher air temperatures and increasing snow depth.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:09:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1d49759287f443b83d7f9d22d76a1cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1994-0416 1994-0424 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:09:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Cryosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1d49759287f443b83d7f9d22d76a1cb2023-12-22T10:09:13ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe Cryosphere1994-04161994-04242023-12-01175477549710.5194/tc-17-5477-2023Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and IcelandB. Etzelmüller0K. Isaksen1J. Czekirda2S. Westermann3C. Hilbich4C. Hauck5Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, 1047 Blindern, Oslo, NorwayMeteorological Institute of Norway, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Geosciences, University of Oslo, 1047 Blindern, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Geosciences, University of Oslo, 1047 Blindern, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, SwitzerlandDepartment of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland<p>With the EU-funded PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) project at the turn of this century, several deep boreholes (100 m<span class="inline-formula">+</span>) were drilled in European mountain sites, including in mainland Norway, Svalbard and Sweden. During other projects from 2004 and the International Polar Year (IPY) period in 2006–2007, several additional boreholes were drilled in different sites in both Norway and Iceland, measuring temperatures along both altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. At most sites, multi-temporal geophysical soundings are available using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Here, we study the development of permafrost and ground temperatures in mainland Norway and Iceland based on these data sets. We document that permafrost in Norway and Iceland is warming at a high rate, including the development of taliks in both Norway and Iceland in response to global climate change during the last 20 years. At most sites, ground surface temperature (GST) is apparently increasing more strongly than surface air temperature (SAT). Changing snow conditions appear to be the most important factor for the higher GST rates. Modelling exercises also indicate that the talik development can be explained by both higher air temperatures and increasing snow depth.</p>https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/5477/2023/tc-17-5477-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | B. Etzelmüller K. Isaksen J. Czekirda S. Westermann C. Hilbich C. Hauck Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland The Cryosphere |
| title | Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland |
| title_full | Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland |
| title_fullStr | Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland |
| title_short | Rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in Norway and Iceland |
| title_sort | rapid warming and degradation of mountain permafrost in norway and iceland |
| url | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/5477/2023/tc-17-5477-2023.pdf |
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