The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod
Observations (1978–1991) of distributions of pelagic juvenile Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.) show that up to 1/3 of the year class are dispersed off the continental shelf and into the deep Norwegian Sea while on the way from the spring-spawning areas along the Norwegian coast to the autumn-s...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00304/full |
| _version_ | 1818608244754481152 |
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| author | Kjersti O. Strand Kjersti O. Strand Kjersti O. Strand Svein Sundby Jon Albretsen Frode B. Vikebø Frode B. Vikebø |
| author_facet | Kjersti O. Strand Kjersti O. Strand Kjersti O. Strand Svein Sundby Jon Albretsen Frode B. Vikebø Frode B. Vikebø |
| author_sort | Kjersti O. Strand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Observations (1978–1991) of distributions of pelagic juvenile Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.) show that up to 1/3 of the year class are dispersed off the continental shelf and into the deep Norwegian Sea while on the way from the spring-spawning areas along the Norwegian coast to the autumn-settlement areas in the Barents Sea. The fate of this variable fraction of pelagic juveniles off-shelf has been an open question ever since Johan Hjort's (1914) seminal work. We have examined both the mechanisms causing offspring off-shelf transport, and their subsequent destiny using an individual-based biophysical model applied to quantify growth and dispersal. Our results show, consistently with the observations, that total off-shelf transport is highly variable between years and may be up to 27.4%. Offspring from spawning grounds around Lofoten have a higher chance of being displaced off the shelf. The off-shelf transport is dominated by episodic events where frequencies and dates vary between years. Northeasterly wind conditions over a 3–7-day period prior to the off-shelf events are a good proxy for dispersal of offspring off the shelf. Offspring transported into the open ocean are on average carried along three following routes: back onto the adjacent eastern shelves and into the Barents Sea (36.9%), recirculating within the Lofoten Basin (60.7%), or drifting northwest to the northeast Greenland shelf (2.4%). For the latter fraction the transport may exceed 12% depending on year. Recent investigations have discovered distributions of young cod on the northeast Greenland shelf indicating that conditions may support survival for Northeast Arctic cod offspring. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:39:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1d52f9976c34986ac0891cf97a74192 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:39:34Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1d52f9976c34986ac0891cf97a741922022-12-21T22:27:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452017-09-01410.3389/fmars.2017.00304256994The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic CodKjersti O. Strand0Kjersti O. Strand1Kjersti O. Strand2Svein Sundby3Jon Albretsen4Frode B. Vikebø5Frode B. Vikebø6Department of Oceanography and Climate, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayBjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, NorwayGeophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Oceanography and Climate, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Oceanography and Climate, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Oceanography and Climate, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayBjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, NorwayObservations (1978–1991) of distributions of pelagic juvenile Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.) show that up to 1/3 of the year class are dispersed off the continental shelf and into the deep Norwegian Sea while on the way from the spring-spawning areas along the Norwegian coast to the autumn-settlement areas in the Barents Sea. The fate of this variable fraction of pelagic juveniles off-shelf has been an open question ever since Johan Hjort's (1914) seminal work. We have examined both the mechanisms causing offspring off-shelf transport, and their subsequent destiny using an individual-based biophysical model applied to quantify growth and dispersal. Our results show, consistently with the observations, that total off-shelf transport is highly variable between years and may be up to 27.4%. Offspring from spawning grounds around Lofoten have a higher chance of being displaced off the shelf. The off-shelf transport is dominated by episodic events where frequencies and dates vary between years. Northeasterly wind conditions over a 3–7-day period prior to the off-shelf events are a good proxy for dispersal of offspring off the shelf. Offspring transported into the open ocean are on average carried along three following routes: back onto the adjacent eastern shelves and into the Barents Sea (36.9%), recirculating within the Lofoten Basin (60.7%), or drifting northwest to the northeast Greenland shelf (2.4%). For the latter fraction the transport may exceed 12% depending on year. Recent investigations have discovered distributions of young cod on the northeast Greenland shelf indicating that conditions may support survival for Northeast Arctic cod offspring.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00304/fullconnectivitypelagic juvenilecross-shelfspawning groundnursery groundforecast |
| spellingShingle | Kjersti O. Strand Kjersti O. Strand Kjersti O. Strand Svein Sundby Jon Albretsen Frode B. Vikebø Frode B. Vikebø The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod Frontiers in Marine Science connectivity pelagic juvenile cross-shelf spawning ground nursery ground forecast |
| title | The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod |
| title_full | The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod |
| title_fullStr | The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod |
| title_short | The Northeast Greenland Shelf as a Potential Habitat for the Northeast Arctic Cod |
| title_sort | northeast greenland shelf as a potential habitat for the northeast arctic cod |
| topic | connectivity pelagic juvenile cross-shelf spawning ground nursery ground forecast |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00304/full |
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