An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities
This paper analyzed quarterly longitudinal data for 64,800 1 × 1 degree grids during 2000–2019 on sea surface temperatures, sea ice concentrations, and ocean surface current zonal and meridional velocities in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The methodological framework addressed the processin...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/12/1854 |
| _version_ | 1827638290779471872 |
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| author | Alok Bhargava Juan A. Echenique |
| author_facet | Alok Bhargava Juan A. Echenique |
| author_sort | Alok Bhargava |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper analyzed quarterly longitudinal data for 64,800 1 × 1 degree grids during 2000–2019 on sea surface temperatures, sea ice concentrations, and ocean surface current zonal and meridional velocities in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The methodological framework addressed the processing of remote sensing signals, interdependence between sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations, and combining zonal and meridional velocities as the eddy kinetic energy. Dynamic and static random effects models were estimated by maximum likelihood and stepwise methods, respectively, taking into account the unobserved heterogeneity across grids. The main findings were that quarterly sea surface temperatures increased steadily in the Northern hemisphere, whereas cyclical patterns were apparent in Southern hemisphere; sea ice concentrations declined in both hemispheres. Second, sea surface temperatures were estimated with large negative coefficients in the models for sea ice concentrations for the hemispheres; previous sea ice concentrations were negatively associated with sea surface temperatures, indicating feedback loops. Third, sea surface temperatures were positively and significantly associated with eddy kinetic energy in Northern hemisphere. Overall, the results indicated the importance of reducing sea surface temperatures via reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the dumping of pollutants into oceans for maintaining sea ice concentrations and enhancing global sustainability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1dcb0d3a1c54ad2b6a34fe3fe0bd733 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1dcb0d3a1c54ad2b6a34fe3fe0bd7332023-11-24T15:55:28ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122022-12-011012185410.3390/jmse10121854An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current VelocitiesAlok Bhargava0Juan A. Echenique1School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAGrossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USAThis paper analyzed quarterly longitudinal data for 64,800 1 × 1 degree grids during 2000–2019 on sea surface temperatures, sea ice concentrations, and ocean surface current zonal and meridional velocities in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The methodological framework addressed the processing of remote sensing signals, interdependence between sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations, and combining zonal and meridional velocities as the eddy kinetic energy. Dynamic and static random effects models were estimated by maximum likelihood and stepwise methods, respectively, taking into account the unobserved heterogeneity across grids. The main findings were that quarterly sea surface temperatures increased steadily in the Northern hemisphere, whereas cyclical patterns were apparent in Southern hemisphere; sea ice concentrations declined in both hemispheres. Second, sea surface temperatures were estimated with large negative coefficients in the models for sea ice concentrations for the hemispheres; previous sea ice concentrations were negatively associated with sea surface temperatures, indicating feedback loops. Third, sea surface temperatures were positively and significantly associated with eddy kinetic energy in Northern hemisphere. Overall, the results indicated the importance of reducing sea surface temperatures via reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the dumping of pollutants into oceans for maintaining sea ice concentrations and enhancing global sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/12/1854climate changesea surface temperaturessea ice concentrationsocean surface current velocitiesmaximum likelihood estimationmitigation policies |
| spellingShingle | Alok Bhargava Juan A. Echenique An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities Journal of Marine Science and Engineering climate change sea surface temperatures sea ice concentrations ocean surface current velocities maximum likelihood estimation mitigation policies |
| title | An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities |
| title_full | An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities |
| title_fullStr | An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities |
| title_short | An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities |
| title_sort | econometric analysis of sea surface temperatures sea ice concentrations and ocean surface current velocities |
| topic | climate change sea surface temperatures sea ice concentrations ocean surface current velocities maximum likelihood estimation mitigation policies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/12/1854 |
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