Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai
In order to explore the effects of COVID-19 control measures on the concentration and composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and to better understand the sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, samples were...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/95 |
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| author | Jialiang Feng Fan Fan Yi Feng Ming Hu Jia Chen Yutong Shen Qingyan Fu Shunyao Wang |
| author_facet | Jialiang Feng Fan Fan Yi Feng Ming Hu Jia Chen Yutong Shen Qingyan Fu Shunyao Wang |
| author_sort | Jialiang Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to explore the effects of COVID-19 control measures on the concentration and composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and to better understand the sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, samples were collected at two sites in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai before the lockdown, during the lockdown, after the lockdown in 2020, and during the same periods in 2019. The mass concentrations of 21 individual PAHs were determined via GC-MS analysis. While the COVID-19 control measures significantly reduced the absolute concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs, they had no significant effect on their relative abundances, indicating that the significantly reduced traffic emission may not originally be the major source of PAHs in Shanghai. The differences in the composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs at three different lockdown-related periods may be caused by the gas-particle distribution of semi-volatile PAHs. The similarity in the composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs in different functional areas and different periods brings more uncertainties to the identification of PAH sources using the diagnostic ratios. During the lockdown period, the toxic equivalent concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs in Shanghai was estimated to decrease by about 1/4, which still exhibits substantial carcinogenic risk upon exposure via inhalation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:38:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1e059a56d16484e93817e2b8d72ffe6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:38:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1e059a56d16484e93817e2b8d72ffe62023-11-30T21:09:19ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-01-011419510.3390/atmos14010095Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in ShanghaiJialiang Feng0Fan Fan1Yi Feng2Ming Hu3Jia Chen4Yutong Shen5Qingyan Fu6Shunyao Wang7School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, ChinaDepartment of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaIn order to explore the effects of COVID-19 control measures on the concentration and composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and to better understand the sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, samples were collected at two sites in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai before the lockdown, during the lockdown, after the lockdown in 2020, and during the same periods in 2019. The mass concentrations of 21 individual PAHs were determined via GC-MS analysis. While the COVID-19 control measures significantly reduced the absolute concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs, they had no significant effect on their relative abundances, indicating that the significantly reduced traffic emission may not originally be the major source of PAHs in Shanghai. The differences in the composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs at three different lockdown-related periods may be caused by the gas-particle distribution of semi-volatile PAHs. The similarity in the composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs in different functional areas and different periods brings more uncertainties to the identification of PAH sources using the diagnostic ratios. During the lockdown period, the toxic equivalent concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs in Shanghai was estimated to decrease by about 1/4, which still exhibits substantial carcinogenic risk upon exposure via inhalation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/95PM<sub>2.5</sub>PAHsCOVID-19lockdown measuresShanghai |
| spellingShingle | Jialiang Feng Fan Fan Yi Feng Ming Hu Jia Chen Yutong Shen Qingyan Fu Shunyao Wang Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai Atmosphere PM<sub>2.5</sub> PAHs COVID-19 lockdown measures Shanghai |
| title | Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai |
| title_full | Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai |
| title_fullStr | Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai |
| title_short | Effects of COVID-19 Control Measures on the Concentration and Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Shanghai |
| title_sort | effects of covid 19 control measures on the concentration and composition of pm sub 2 5 sub bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in shanghai |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> PAHs COVID-19 lockdown measures Shanghai |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/95 |
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