Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids
With the increasing development of pest resistances, it is not easy to achieve satisfactory control effects by using only one agrochemical. Additionally, although the alkaloid matrine (<b>MT</b>) isolated from <i>Sophora flavescens</i> is now utilized as a botanical pesticide...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/4/240 |
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| author | Jianwei Xu Min Lv Shanshan Fang Yanyan Wang Houpeng Wen Shaoyong Zhang Hui Xu |
| author_facet | Jianwei Xu Min Lv Shanshan Fang Yanyan Wang Houpeng Wen Shaoyong Zhang Hui Xu |
| author_sort | Jianwei Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the increasing development of pest resistances, it is not easy to achieve satisfactory control effects by using only one agrochemical. Additionally, although the alkaloid matrine (<b>MT</b>) isolated from <i>Sophora flavescens</i> is now utilized as a botanical pesticide in China, in fact, its pesticidal activities are much lower in magnitude than those of commercially agrochemicals. To improve its pesticidal activities, here, the joint pesticidal effects of <b>MT</b> with another alkaloid oxymatrine (<b>OMT</b>) (isolated from <i>S. flavescens</i>) and the monoterpene essential oil 1,8-cineole (<b>CN</b>) (isolated from the eucalyptus leaves) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Moreover, their toxicological properties were also studied. Against <i>Plutella xylostella,</i> when the mass ratio of <b>MT</b> and <b>OMT</b> was 8/2, good larvicidal activity was obtained; against <i>Tetranychus urticae,</i> when the mass ratio of <b>MT</b> and <b>OMT</b> was 3/7, good acaricidal activity was obtained. Especially when <b>MT</b> and <b>OMT</b> were combined with <b>CN</b>, the significant synergistic effects were observed: against <i>P. xylostella,</i> the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (8/2)/<b>CN</b> was 213; against <i>T. urticae,</i> the CTC of <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (3/7)/<b>CN</b> was 252. Moreover, the activity changes over time of two detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (GST) of <i>P. xylostella</i> treated with <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (8/2)/<b>CN</b>, were observed. In addition, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the toxicological study suggested that the acaricidal activity of <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (3/7)/<b>CN</b> may be related to the damage of the cuticle layer crest of <i>T. urticae</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:28:36Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:28:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f1e789183b5b4a8dac800a9ac10ecbd82023-11-17T21:38:24ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-03-0115424010.3390/toxins15040240Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural AlkaloidsJianwei Xu0Min Lv1Shanshan Fang2Yanyan Wang3Houpeng Wen4Shaoyong Zhang5Hui Xu6College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaWith the increasing development of pest resistances, it is not easy to achieve satisfactory control effects by using only one agrochemical. Additionally, although the alkaloid matrine (<b>MT</b>) isolated from <i>Sophora flavescens</i> is now utilized as a botanical pesticide in China, in fact, its pesticidal activities are much lower in magnitude than those of commercially agrochemicals. To improve its pesticidal activities, here, the joint pesticidal effects of <b>MT</b> with another alkaloid oxymatrine (<b>OMT</b>) (isolated from <i>S. flavescens</i>) and the monoterpene essential oil 1,8-cineole (<b>CN</b>) (isolated from the eucalyptus leaves) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Moreover, their toxicological properties were also studied. Against <i>Plutella xylostella,</i> when the mass ratio of <b>MT</b> and <b>OMT</b> was 8/2, good larvicidal activity was obtained; against <i>Tetranychus urticae,</i> when the mass ratio of <b>MT</b> and <b>OMT</b> was 3/7, good acaricidal activity was obtained. Especially when <b>MT</b> and <b>OMT</b> were combined with <b>CN</b>, the significant synergistic effects were observed: against <i>P. xylostella,</i> the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (8/2)/<b>CN</b> was 213; against <i>T. urticae,</i> the CTC of <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (3/7)/<b>CN</b> was 252. Moreover, the activity changes over time of two detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (GST) of <i>P. xylostella</i> treated with <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (8/2)/<b>CN</b>, were observed. In addition, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the toxicological study suggested that the acaricidal activity of <b>MT</b>/<b>OMT</b> (3/7)/<b>CN</b> may be related to the damage of the cuticle layer crest of <i>T. urticae</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/4/240matrine1,8-cineoleternary complexpesticidal activitydetoxification enzymesSEM |
| spellingShingle | Jianwei Xu Min Lv Shanshan Fang Yanyan Wang Houpeng Wen Shaoyong Zhang Hui Xu Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids Toxins matrine 1,8-cineole ternary complex pesticidal activity detoxification enzymes SEM |
| title | Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids |
| title_full | Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids |
| title_fullStr | Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids |
| title_short | Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids |
| title_sort | exploration of synergistic pesticidal activities control effects and toxicology study of a monoterpene essential oil with two natural alkaloids |
| topic | matrine 1,8-cineole ternary complex pesticidal activity detoxification enzymes SEM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/4/240 |
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