Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View
Stress is an inevitable part of life. An organism is exposed to multiple stresses and overcomes their negative consequences throughout its entire existence. A correlation was established between life expectancy and resistance to stress, suggesting a relationship between aging and the ability to resp...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5010 |
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| author | Anna S. Fefilova Alexander V. Fonin Innokentii E. Vishnyakov Irina M. Kuznetsova Konstantin K. Turoverov |
| author_facet | Anna S. Fefilova Alexander V. Fonin Innokentii E. Vishnyakov Irina M. Kuznetsova Konstantin K. Turoverov |
| author_sort | Anna S. Fefilova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stress is an inevitable part of life. An organism is exposed to multiple stresses and overcomes their negative consequences throughout its entire existence. A correlation was established between life expectancy and resistance to stress, suggesting a relationship between aging and the ability to respond to external adverse effects as well as quickly restore the normal regulation of biological processes. To combat stress, cells developed multiple pro-survival mechanisms, one of them is the assembly of special stress-induced membraneless organelles (MLOs). MLOs are formations that do not possess a lipid membrane but rather form as a result of the “liquid–liquid” phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers. Stress-responsive MLOs were found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, they form as a reaction to the acute environmental conditions and are dismantled after its termination. These compartments function to prevent damage to the genetic and protein material of the cell during stress. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of stress-induced MLO-like structures in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:04:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1f4fdfaa485441bb0fb26447cff29a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:04:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1f4fdfaa485441bb0fb26447cff29a32023-11-23T08:25:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01239501010.3390/ijms23095010Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye ViewAnna S. Fefilova0Alexander V. Fonin1Innokentii E. Vishnyakov2Irina M. Kuznetsova3Konstantin K. Turoverov4Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaGroup of Molecular Cytology of Prokaryotes and Bacterial Invasion, Laboratory of Cytology of Unicellular Organisms, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaStress is an inevitable part of life. An organism is exposed to multiple stresses and overcomes their negative consequences throughout its entire existence. A correlation was established between life expectancy and resistance to stress, suggesting a relationship between aging and the ability to respond to external adverse effects as well as quickly restore the normal regulation of biological processes. To combat stress, cells developed multiple pro-survival mechanisms, one of them is the assembly of special stress-induced membraneless organelles (MLOs). MLOs are formations that do not possess a lipid membrane but rather form as a result of the “liquid–liquid” phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers. Stress-responsive MLOs were found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, they form as a reaction to the acute environmental conditions and are dismantled after its termination. These compartments function to prevent damage to the genetic and protein material of the cell during stress. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of stress-induced MLO-like structures in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5010stressmembraneless organellesintrinsically disordered proteinsnon-coding RNAs |
| spellingShingle | Anna S. Fefilova Alexander V. Fonin Innokentii E. Vishnyakov Irina M. Kuznetsova Konstantin K. Turoverov Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View International Journal of Molecular Sciences stress membraneless organelles intrinsically disordered proteins non-coding RNAs |
| title | Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View |
| title_full | Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View |
| title_fullStr | Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View |
| title_short | Stress-Induced Membraneless Organelles in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes: Bird’s-Eye View |
| title_sort | stress induced membraneless organelles in eukaryotes and prokaryotes bird s eye view |
| topic | stress membraneless organelles intrinsically disordered proteins non-coding RNAs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5010 |
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