The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) tends to be associated with various inflammatory responses of diseases, but its relationship with pulpitis remains unknown. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of BMP9 in pulpitis. Methodology A rat model of pulpitis was...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tianzhu SONG, Xiangfen LI, Liu LIU, Yanglin ZENG, Dongzhe SONG, Dingming HUANG
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of São Paulo 2023-01-01
Series:Journal of Applied Oral Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-77572023000100402&lng=en&tlng=en
_version_ 1797944874415161344
author Tianzhu SONG
Xiangfen LI
Liu LIU
Yanglin ZENG
Dongzhe SONG
Dingming HUANG
author_facet Tianzhu SONG
Xiangfen LI
Liu LIU
Yanglin ZENG
Dongzhe SONG
Dingming HUANG
author_sort Tianzhu SONG
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) tends to be associated with various inflammatory responses of diseases, but its relationship with pulpitis remains unknown. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of BMP9 in pulpitis. Methodology A rat model of pulpitis was used to evaluate the expression of BMP9, which was also analysed in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The effects and mechanism of BMP9 on the regulation of inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunocytofluorescence. Moreover, the migration ability of THP-1 monocyte-macrophages, treated with inflammatory supernate inhibited by BMP9, was previously tested by a transwell migration assay. Finally, a direct rat pulp capping model was used to evaluate in vivo the influence of the overexpression of BMP9 in pulpitis. Results The expression of BMP9 decreased after 24 h and increased after 3 and 7 d in rat pulpitis and inflammatory hDPCs. The overexpression of BMP9 inhibited the gene expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2) and the secretion of IL-6 and MMP2 in Pg-LPS-stimulated hDPCs. The level of phosphorylated Smad1/5 was upregulated and the levels of phosphorylated ERK and JNK were downregulated. The inflammatory supernate of hDPCs inhibited by BMP9 reduced the migration of THP-1 cells. In rat pulp capping models, overexpressed BMP9 could partially restrain the development of dental pulp inflammation. Conclusion This is the first study to confirm that BMP9 is involved in the occurrence and development of pulpitis and can partially inhibit its severity in the early stage. These findings provided a theoretical reference for future studies on the mechanism of pulpitis and application of bioactive molecules in vital pulp therapy.
first_indexed 2024-04-10T20:46:27Z
format Article
id doaj.art-f1f5849c8a394c2f9f663c1f2b5bd52e
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1678-7765
language English
last_indexed 2024-04-10T20:46:27Z
publishDate 2023-01-01
publisher University of São Paulo
record_format Article
series Journal of Applied Oral Science
spelling doaj.art-f1f5849c8a394c2f9f663c1f2b5bd52e2023-01-24T07:36:33ZengUniversity of São PauloJournal of Applied Oral Science1678-77652023-01-013110.1590/1678-7757-2022-0313The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitisTianzhu SONGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-4879Xiangfen LIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4878Liu LIUhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-8660Yanglin ZENGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-2409Dongzhe SONGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-2013Dingming HUANGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-5729Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) tends to be associated with various inflammatory responses of diseases, but its relationship with pulpitis remains unknown. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of BMP9 in pulpitis. Methodology A rat model of pulpitis was used to evaluate the expression of BMP9, which was also analysed in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The effects and mechanism of BMP9 on the regulation of inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunocytofluorescence. Moreover, the migration ability of THP-1 monocyte-macrophages, treated with inflammatory supernate inhibited by BMP9, was previously tested by a transwell migration assay. Finally, a direct rat pulp capping model was used to evaluate in vivo the influence of the overexpression of BMP9 in pulpitis. Results The expression of BMP9 decreased after 24 h and increased after 3 and 7 d in rat pulpitis and inflammatory hDPCs. The overexpression of BMP9 inhibited the gene expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2) and the secretion of IL-6 and MMP2 in Pg-LPS-stimulated hDPCs. The level of phosphorylated Smad1/5 was upregulated and the levels of phosphorylated ERK and JNK were downregulated. The inflammatory supernate of hDPCs inhibited by BMP9 reduced the migration of THP-1 cells. In rat pulp capping models, overexpressed BMP9 could partially restrain the development of dental pulp inflammation. Conclusion This is the first study to confirm that BMP9 is involved in the occurrence and development of pulpitis and can partially inhibit its severity in the early stage. These findings provided a theoretical reference for future studies on the mechanism of pulpitis and application of bioactive molecules in vital pulp therapy.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-77572023000100402&lng=en&tlng=enGrowth Differentiation Factor 2PulpitisDental PulpWound Healing
spellingShingle Tianzhu SONG
Xiangfen LI
Liu LIU
Yanglin ZENG
Dongzhe SONG
Dingming HUANG
The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
Journal of Applied Oral Science
Growth Differentiation Factor 2
Pulpitis
Dental Pulp
Wound Healing
title The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
title_full The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
title_fullStr The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
title_full_unstemmed The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
title_short The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
title_sort effect of bmp9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis
topic Growth Differentiation Factor 2
Pulpitis
Dental Pulp
Wound Healing
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-77572023000100402&lng=en&tlng=en
work_keys_str_mv AT tianzhusong theeffectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT xiangfenli theeffectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT liuliu theeffectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT yanglinzeng theeffectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT dongzhesong theeffectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT dingminghuang theeffectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT tianzhusong effectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT xiangfenli effectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT liuliu effectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT yanglinzeng effectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT dongzhesong effectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis
AT dingminghuang effectofbmp9oninflammationintheearlystageofpulpitis