Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias
Fetal arrhythmias are mostly benign and transient. However, some of them are associated with structural defects or can cause heart failure, fetal hydrops, and can lead to intrauterine death. The analysis of fetal heart rhythm is based on ultrasound (M-mode and Doppler echocardiography). Irregular rh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2510 |
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| author | Alina Veduta Anca Maria Panaitescu Anca Marina Ciobanu Diana Neculcea Mihaela Roxana Popescu Gheorghe Peltecu Paolo Cavoretto |
| author_facet | Alina Veduta Anca Maria Panaitescu Anca Marina Ciobanu Diana Neculcea Mihaela Roxana Popescu Gheorghe Peltecu Paolo Cavoretto |
| author_sort | Alina Veduta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fetal arrhythmias are mostly benign and transient. However, some of them are associated with structural defects or can cause heart failure, fetal hydrops, and can lead to intrauterine death. The analysis of fetal heart rhythm is based on ultrasound (M-mode and Doppler echocardiography). Irregular rhythm due to atrial ectopic beats is the most common type of fetal arrhythmia and is generally benign. Tachyarrhythmias are diagnosed when the fetal heart rate is persistently above 180 beats per minute (bpm). The most common fetal tachyarrhythmias are paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter. Most fetal tachycardias can be terminated or controlled by transplacental or direct administration of anti-arrhythmic drugs. Fetal bradycardia is diagnosed when the fetal heart rate is slower than 110 bpm. Persistent bradycardia outside labor or in the absence of placental pathology is mostly due to atrioventricular (AV) block. Approximately half of fetal heart blocks are in cases with structural heart defects, and AV block in cases with structurally normal heart is often caused by maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. The efficacy of prenatal treatment for fetal AV block is limited. Our review aims to provide a practical guide for the diagnosis and management of common fetal arrythmias, from the joint perspective of the fetal medicine specialist and the cardiologist. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:40:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1f5dddce72c495094cb51f83a03bedf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:40:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1f5dddce72c495094cb51f83a03bedf2023-11-21T22:59:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-06-011011251010.3390/jcm10112510Treatment of Fetal ArrhythmiasAlina Veduta0Anca Maria Panaitescu1Anca Marina Ciobanu2Diana Neculcea3Mihaela Roxana Popescu4Gheorghe Peltecu5Paolo Cavoretto6Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, RomaniaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, RomaniaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, RomaniaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, RomaniaCardiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, RomaniaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, RomaniaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, ItalyFetal arrhythmias are mostly benign and transient. However, some of them are associated with structural defects or can cause heart failure, fetal hydrops, and can lead to intrauterine death. The analysis of fetal heart rhythm is based on ultrasound (M-mode and Doppler echocardiography). Irregular rhythm due to atrial ectopic beats is the most common type of fetal arrhythmia and is generally benign. Tachyarrhythmias are diagnosed when the fetal heart rate is persistently above 180 beats per minute (bpm). The most common fetal tachyarrhythmias are paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter. Most fetal tachycardias can be terminated or controlled by transplacental or direct administration of anti-arrhythmic drugs. Fetal bradycardia is diagnosed when the fetal heart rate is slower than 110 bpm. Persistent bradycardia outside labor or in the absence of placental pathology is mostly due to atrioventricular (AV) block. Approximately half of fetal heart blocks are in cases with structural heart defects, and AV block in cases with structurally normal heart is often caused by maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. The efficacy of prenatal treatment for fetal AV block is limited. Our review aims to provide a practical guide for the diagnosis and management of common fetal arrythmias, from the joint perspective of the fetal medicine specialist and the cardiologist.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2510fetal arrhythmiafetal ultrasoundtachyarrhythmiabradyarrhythmia |
| spellingShingle | Alina Veduta Anca Maria Panaitescu Anca Marina Ciobanu Diana Neculcea Mihaela Roxana Popescu Gheorghe Peltecu Paolo Cavoretto Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias Journal of Clinical Medicine fetal arrhythmia fetal ultrasound tachyarrhythmia bradyarrhythmia |
| title | Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias |
| title_full | Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias |
| title_fullStr | Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias |
| title_full_unstemmed | Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias |
| title_short | Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias |
| title_sort | treatment of fetal arrhythmias |
| topic | fetal arrhythmia fetal ultrasound tachyarrhythmia bradyarrhythmia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2510 |
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