Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species
Pollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities, maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants, and dumping of solid waste on river banks. This study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum River in the well-known city...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Water Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674237023000509 |
| _version_ | 1797337129546678272 |
|---|---|
| author | Amudham Radha Amal Raj Prabhakaran Mylsamy V. Sivasankar B. Sathish Kumar Kiyoshi Omine T.G. Sunitha |
| author_facet | Amudham Radha Amal Raj Prabhakaran Mylsamy V. Sivasankar B. Sathish Kumar Kiyoshi Omine T.G. Sunitha |
| author_sort | Amudham Radha Amal Raj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities, maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants, and dumping of solid waste on river banks. This study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum River in the well-known city of Chennai in South India. Water samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements, including Ba, B, and Al, as well as heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. The samples showed levels of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization recommendations. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the inter-dependency among elements, and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to others. Water samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae: Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and Phormedium sp. The uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d, effectively removing heavy metals from the river water. The increasing levels of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period, followed by a declining stage after the incubation period. The scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological patterns. This study showed that the uptake of heavy metals using algae is an effective water pollution remediation measure, making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:04:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f207f6f402c34c598d3b7da36ce21bf1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1674-2370 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:04:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-f207f6f402c34c598d3b7da36ce21bf12024-02-01T06:29:44ZengElsevierWater Science and Engineering1674-23702024-03-011714150Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal speciesAmudham Radha Amal Raj0Prabhakaran Mylsamy1V. Sivasankar2B. Sathish Kumar3Kiyoshi Omine4T.G. Sunitha5Phycological Research Laboratory, Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai 600030, IndiaPhycological Research Laboratory, Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai 600030, India; Corresponding author.Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai 600030, India; Corresponding author.Department of Botany, Sri Vidya Mandir Arts & Science College (Autonomous), Katteri, Uthangarai 636902, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki-Daigaku, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 8528521, JapanResearch Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai 600030, IndiaPollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities, maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants, and dumping of solid waste on river banks. This study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum River in the well-known city of Chennai in South India. Water samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements, including Ba, B, and Al, as well as heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. The samples showed levels of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization recommendations. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the inter-dependency among elements, and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to others. Water samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae: Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and Phormedium sp. The uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d, effectively removing heavy metals from the river water. The increasing levels of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period, followed by a declining stage after the incubation period. The scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological patterns. This study showed that the uptake of heavy metals using algae is an effective water pollution remediation measure, making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674237023000509Heavy metalCooum riverPhycoremediationMicroalgaeFactor analysis |
| spellingShingle | Amudham Radha Amal Raj Prabhakaran Mylsamy V. Sivasankar B. Sathish Kumar Kiyoshi Omine T.G. Sunitha Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species Water Science and Engineering Heavy metal Cooum river Phycoremediation Microalgae Factor analysis |
| title | Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species |
| title_full | Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species |
| title_short | Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species |
| title_sort | heavy metal pollution of river water and eco friendly remediation using potent microalgal species |
| topic | Heavy metal Cooum river Phycoremediation Microalgae Factor analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674237023000509 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amudhamradhaamalraj heavymetalpollutionofriverwaterandecofriendlyremediationusingpotentmicroalgalspecies AT prabhakaranmylsamy heavymetalpollutionofriverwaterandecofriendlyremediationusingpotentmicroalgalspecies AT vsivasankar heavymetalpollutionofriverwaterandecofriendlyremediationusingpotentmicroalgalspecies AT bsathishkumar heavymetalpollutionofriverwaterandecofriendlyremediationusingpotentmicroalgalspecies AT kiyoshiomine heavymetalpollutionofriverwaterandecofriendlyremediationusingpotentmicroalgalspecies AT tgsunitha heavymetalpollutionofriverwaterandecofriendlyremediationusingpotentmicroalgalspecies |