Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks
Squeezing ground conditions, which can lead to severe loads in tunnels, have historically been associated with the presence of clay minerals in the ground. Over the years, many methodologies have been proposed to predict squeezing in tunnels based on tunnel depth, in situ stress, ground mineralogy,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Underground Space |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967419300741 |
| _version_ | 1797717098123755520 |
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| author | Ketan Arora Marte Gutierrez Ahmadreza Hedayat Caichu Xia |
| author_facet | Ketan Arora Marte Gutierrez Ahmadreza Hedayat Caichu Xia |
| author_sort | Ketan Arora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Squeezing ground conditions, which can lead to severe loads in tunnels, have historically been associated with the presence of clay minerals in the ground. Over the years, many methodologies have been proposed to predict squeezing in tunnels based on tunnel depth, in situ stress, ground mineralogy, and ground strength and deformation behavior. This paper presents a comprehensive review of methodologies to predict tunnel squeezing in clay-rich rocks. A new methodology is proposed where ground conditions and squeezing potential are assessed based on the Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) approach adapted to clay-rich rocks, Peck’s stability number and Hoek & Brown’s (1997) Geological Strength Index (GSI). A squeezing number S is suggested to classify ground conditions based on the level of squeezing that the ground may experience in response to tunneling. Finally, it is demonstrated that by combining the proposed classification system and an existing classification system for ground squeezing condition, an accurate estimate of tunnel strain can also be obtained. The proposed method is applied to four case studies of tunnels in squeezing ground in shale and mudstone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:31:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2082328c5d4435a916ea1217f98d926 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2467-9674 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:31:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Underground Space |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2082328c5d4435a916ea1217f98d9262023-09-02T17:42:05ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Underground Space2467-96742021-08-0164432445Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocksKetan Arora0Marte Gutierrez1Ahmadreza Hedayat2Caichu Xia3Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; Corresponding author.Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USAGeotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaSqueezing ground conditions, which can lead to severe loads in tunnels, have historically been associated with the presence of clay minerals in the ground. Over the years, many methodologies have been proposed to predict squeezing in tunnels based on tunnel depth, in situ stress, ground mineralogy, and ground strength and deformation behavior. This paper presents a comprehensive review of methodologies to predict tunnel squeezing in clay-rich rocks. A new methodology is proposed where ground conditions and squeezing potential are assessed based on the Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) approach adapted to clay-rich rocks, Peck’s stability number and Hoek & Brown’s (1997) Geological Strength Index (GSI). A squeezing number S is suggested to classify ground conditions based on the level of squeezing that the ground may experience in response to tunneling. Finally, it is demonstrated that by combining the proposed classification system and an existing classification system for ground squeezing condition, an accurate estimate of tunnel strain can also be obtained. The proposed method is applied to four case studies of tunnels in squeezing ground in shale and mudstone.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967419300741Squeezing groundHigh in situ stressCritical strainClay-rich rocksMudrockShale |
| spellingShingle | Ketan Arora Marte Gutierrez Ahmadreza Hedayat Caichu Xia Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks Underground Space Squeezing ground High in situ stress Critical strain Clay-rich rocks Mudrock Shale |
| title | Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks |
| title_full | Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks |
| title_fullStr | Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks |
| title_short | Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks |
| title_sort | tunnels in squeezing clay rich rocks |
| topic | Squeezing ground High in situ stress Critical strain Clay-rich rocks Mudrock Shale |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967419300741 |
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