High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria are the oldest photosynthetic microorganisms with good environmental adaptability. They are ubiquitous in light-exposed habitats on Earth. In recent years, cyanobacteria have become an ideal platform for producing biofuels and biochemicals from solar energy and carbon dioxide. Alka(e)n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01659/full |
| _version_ | 1811216335034646528 |
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| author | Yue Qiao Yue Qiao Yue Qiao Weihua Wang Weihua Wang Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu |
| author_facet | Yue Qiao Yue Qiao Yue Qiao Weihua Wang Weihua Wang Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu |
| author_sort | Yue Qiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanobacteria are the oldest photosynthetic microorganisms with good environmental adaptability. They are ubiquitous in light-exposed habitats on Earth. In recent years, cyanobacteria have become an ideal platform for producing biofuels and biochemicals from solar energy and carbon dioxide. Alka(e)nes are the main constituents of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Alka(e)ne biosynthesis pathways are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria. Most cyanobacteria biosynthesize long chain alka(e)nes via acyl-acyl-carrier proteins reductase (AAR) and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO). Alka(e)nes can be biodegraded by a variety of cyanobacteria, which lack a β-oxidation pathway. However, the mechanisms of alka(e)ne biodegradation in cyanobacteria remain elusive. In this study, a cyanobacterial alka(e)ne biodegradation pathway was uncovered by in vitro enzyme assays. Under high light, alka(e)nes in the membrane can be converted into alcohols and aldehydes by ADO, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) can then convert the aldehydes into fatty acids to maintain lipid homeostasis in cyanobacteria. As highly reduced molecules, alka(e)nes could serve as electron donors to further reduce partially reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cyanobacteria under high light. Alka(e)ne biodegradation may serve as an emergency mechanism for responding to the oxidative stress generated by excess light exposure. This study will shed new light on the roles of alka(e)ne metabolism in cyanobacteria. It is important to reduce the content of ROS by optimization of cultivation and genetic engineering for efficient alka(e)ne biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:37:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f20c6737a7e847deb57569a4010f8194 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:37:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f20c6737a7e847deb57569a4010f81942022-12-22T03:43:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-07-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.01659534359High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in CyanobacteriaYue Qiao0Yue Qiao1Yue Qiao2Weihua Wang3Weihua Wang4Xuefeng Lu5Xuefeng Lu6Xuefeng Lu7Xuefeng Lu8Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaDalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaCyanobacteria are the oldest photosynthetic microorganisms with good environmental adaptability. They are ubiquitous in light-exposed habitats on Earth. In recent years, cyanobacteria have become an ideal platform for producing biofuels and biochemicals from solar energy and carbon dioxide. Alka(e)nes are the main constituents of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Alka(e)ne biosynthesis pathways are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria. Most cyanobacteria biosynthesize long chain alka(e)nes via acyl-acyl-carrier proteins reductase (AAR) and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO). Alka(e)nes can be biodegraded by a variety of cyanobacteria, which lack a β-oxidation pathway. However, the mechanisms of alka(e)ne biodegradation in cyanobacteria remain elusive. In this study, a cyanobacterial alka(e)ne biodegradation pathway was uncovered by in vitro enzyme assays. Under high light, alka(e)nes in the membrane can be converted into alcohols and aldehydes by ADO, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) can then convert the aldehydes into fatty acids to maintain lipid homeostasis in cyanobacteria. As highly reduced molecules, alka(e)nes could serve as electron donors to further reduce partially reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cyanobacteria under high light. Alka(e)ne biodegradation may serve as an emergency mechanism for responding to the oxidative stress generated by excess light exposure. This study will shed new light on the roles of alka(e)ne metabolism in cyanobacteria. It is important to reduce the content of ROS by optimization of cultivation and genetic engineering for efficient alka(e)ne biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01659/fullalka(e)ne biodegradationcyanobacteriahigh lightlipidfatty acidoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Yue Qiao Yue Qiao Yue Qiao Weihua Wang Weihua Wang Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu Xuefeng Lu High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria Frontiers in Microbiology alka(e)ne biodegradation cyanobacteria high light lipid fatty acid oxidative stress |
| title | High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria |
| title_full | High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria |
| title_fullStr | High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria |
| title_short | High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria |
| title_sort | high light induced alka e ne biodegradation for lipid and redox homeostasis in cyanobacteria |
| topic | alka(e)ne biodegradation cyanobacteria high light lipid fatty acid oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01659/full |
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