The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand
Background: Concerns have been raised that health and societal causes surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic were misappropriated by companies to promote their unhealthy products to vulnerable populations during a time of increased stress and hardship (i.e., COVID-washing). Social media is a common mediu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.645349/full |
| _version_ | 1819320430898446336 |
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| author | Sarah Gerritsen Fiona Sing Karen Lin Florentine Martino Kathryn Backholer Angela Culpin Sally Mackay |
| author_facet | Sarah Gerritsen Fiona Sing Karen Lin Florentine Martino Kathryn Backholer Angela Culpin Sally Mackay |
| author_sort | Sarah Gerritsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Concerns have been raised that health and societal causes surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic were misappropriated by companies to promote their unhealthy products to vulnerable populations during a time of increased stress and hardship (i.e., COVID-washing). Social media is a common medium for unhealthy foods and beverage marketing due to lack of regulation and low levels of monitoring.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the timing, nature and extent of COVID-washing on public social media accounts by New Zealand's major food and drink brands in the initial stage of the pandemic after the first case was detected in New Zealand and when stay-at-home lockdown restrictions (Level 4 and 3 Alert levels) were in place.Methods: A content analysis of social media posts from February to May 2020 by the twenty largest confectionery, snacks, non-alcoholic beverages, and quick-service restaurant (fast-food) brands was undertaken. COVID-19 related posts were identified and classified to investigate the timing, themes and engagement with social media marketing campaigns, flagging those that may breach New Zealand's Advertising Standards.Results: 14 of 20 unhealthy food and drink brands referenced COVID-19 in posts during the 4-month period, peaking during nationwide lockdown restrictions. Over a quarter of all posts by the 14 brands (n = 372, 27.2%) were COVID-19 themed. Fast-food brands were most likely to use COVID-19 themed posts (n = 251/550 posts, 46%). Fast-food brands also had the highest number of posts overall during the pandemic and the highest engagement. The most commonly-used theme, present in 36% of all social media posts referring to COVID-19, was to draw on feelings of community support during this challenging time. Suggesting brand-related isolation activities was also common (23%), and the message that “consumption helps with coping” (22%). Six posts were found to potentially breach one of New Zealand's advertising standards codes by promoting excessive consumption or targeting children.Conclusion: COVID-washing was used by unhealthy food and drinks brands to increase brand loyalty and encourage consumption. The current Advertising Standards system is ineffective and must be replaced with a government-led approach to effectively regulate social media advertising to protect all New Zealanders, particularly in times of crisis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:19:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2106a8caa4f43c0a2b1137ef4ff05a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:19:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2106a8caa4f43c0a2b1137ef4ff05a42022-12-21T16:58:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-03-01810.3389/fnut.2021.645349645349The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New ZealandSarah Gerritsen0Fiona Sing1Karen Lin2Florentine Martino3Kathryn Backholer4Angela Culpin5Sally Mackay6Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandEpidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandEpidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandGlobal Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaGlobal Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaHealthy Auckland Together, Auckland Regional Public Health Service, Auckland, New ZealandEpidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandBackground: Concerns have been raised that health and societal causes surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic were misappropriated by companies to promote their unhealthy products to vulnerable populations during a time of increased stress and hardship (i.e., COVID-washing). Social media is a common medium for unhealthy foods and beverage marketing due to lack of regulation and low levels of monitoring.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the timing, nature and extent of COVID-washing on public social media accounts by New Zealand's major food and drink brands in the initial stage of the pandemic after the first case was detected in New Zealand and when stay-at-home lockdown restrictions (Level 4 and 3 Alert levels) were in place.Methods: A content analysis of social media posts from February to May 2020 by the twenty largest confectionery, snacks, non-alcoholic beverages, and quick-service restaurant (fast-food) brands was undertaken. COVID-19 related posts were identified and classified to investigate the timing, themes and engagement with social media marketing campaigns, flagging those that may breach New Zealand's Advertising Standards.Results: 14 of 20 unhealthy food and drink brands referenced COVID-19 in posts during the 4-month period, peaking during nationwide lockdown restrictions. Over a quarter of all posts by the 14 brands (n = 372, 27.2%) were COVID-19 themed. Fast-food brands were most likely to use COVID-19 themed posts (n = 251/550 posts, 46%). Fast-food brands also had the highest number of posts overall during the pandemic and the highest engagement. The most commonly-used theme, present in 36% of all social media posts referring to COVID-19, was to draw on feelings of community support during this challenging time. Suggesting brand-related isolation activities was also common (23%), and the message that “consumption helps with coping” (22%). Six posts were found to potentially breach one of New Zealand's advertising standards codes by promoting excessive consumption or targeting children.Conclusion: COVID-washing was used by unhealthy food and drinks brands to increase brand loyalty and encourage consumption. The current Advertising Standards system is ineffective and must be replaced with a government-led approach to effectively regulate social media advertising to protect all New Zealanders, particularly in times of crisis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.645349/fullCoronavirusCOVID-19food marketingadvertisingfood and beveragesocial media |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Gerritsen Fiona Sing Karen Lin Florentine Martino Kathryn Backholer Angela Culpin Sally Mackay The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand Frontiers in Nutrition Coronavirus COVID-19 food marketing advertising food and beverage social media |
| title | The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand |
| title_full | The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand |
| title_fullStr | The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand |
| title_short | The Timing, Nature and Extent of Social Media Marketing by Unhealthy Food and Drinks Brands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand |
| title_sort | timing nature and extent of social media marketing by unhealthy food and drinks brands during the covid 19 pandemic in new zealand |
| topic | Coronavirus COVID-19 food marketing advertising food and beverage social media |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.645349/full |
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