Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna
<p>Fallout of ballistic blocks and bombs ejected from eruptive vents represents a well-known hazard in areas proximal to volcanoes (mostly <span class="inline-formula"><5</span> km from the vent). However, fallout of large clasts sedimenting from plume m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/19/589/2019/nhess-19-589-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811233002960715776 |
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| author | S. Osman E. Rossi C. Bonadonna C. Frischknecht D. Andronico R. Cioni S. Scollo |
| author_facet | S. Osman E. Rossi C. Bonadonna C. Frischknecht D. Andronico R. Cioni S. Scollo |
| author_sort | S. Osman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Fallout of ballistic blocks and bombs ejected from eruptive vents represents
a well-known hazard in areas
proximal to volcanoes (mostly <span class="inline-formula"><5</span> km from the vent). However, fallout of large clasts sedimenting from
plume margins that extend to medial
areas and have the potential to produce severe injuries to people and cause
damage to infrastructure, is often overlooked. Recent eruptive events at
Mount Etna (Italy) provide a clear example where large-clast fallout from
plume margins (<span class="inline-formula"><i>></i>5</span> cm) has posed a real threat both to the many
visitors reaching the summit area and to local infrastructure, and,
therefore, has been selected as a case study. To quantify this hazard, a new
particle sedimentation model was calibrated with field data and then used for
probabilistic hazard assessments. For a fully probabilistic scenario the
hazard zone covered 72 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> and included some 125 km of paths and
roads, as well as 15 buildings. Evacuation on foot to a safe area was
estimated at almost 4 h, but this could be reduced to less than 3 h if two
shelters were provided. Our results show the importance of integrating
probabilistic hazard analysis of large-clast fallout within effective
strategies of risk management and reduction, especially in the case of
volcanoes where visitors can reach the summit areas.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:12:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f21b4d4b9eda4a3a803534fced907863 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1561-8633 1684-9981 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:12:57Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f21b4d4b9eda4a3a803534fced9078632022-12-22T03:35:34ZengCopernicus PublicationsNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciences1561-86331684-99812019-03-011958961010.5194/nhess-19-589-2019Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount EtnaS. Osman0E. Rossi1C. Bonadonna2C. Frischknecht3D. Andronico4R. Cioni5S. Scollo6School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UKDépartement des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Genève, 13, Rue des Maraîchers, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandDépartement des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Genève, 13, Rue des Maraîchers, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandDépartement des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Genève, 13, Rue des Maraîchers, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy<p>Fallout of ballistic blocks and bombs ejected from eruptive vents represents a well-known hazard in areas proximal to volcanoes (mostly <span class="inline-formula"><5</span> km from the vent). However, fallout of large clasts sedimenting from plume margins that extend to medial areas and have the potential to produce severe injuries to people and cause damage to infrastructure, is often overlooked. Recent eruptive events at Mount Etna (Italy) provide a clear example where large-clast fallout from plume margins (<span class="inline-formula"><i>></i>5</span> cm) has posed a real threat both to the many visitors reaching the summit area and to local infrastructure, and, therefore, has been selected as a case study. To quantify this hazard, a new particle sedimentation model was calibrated with field data and then used for probabilistic hazard assessments. For a fully probabilistic scenario the hazard zone covered 72 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> and included some 125 km of paths and roads, as well as 15 buildings. Evacuation on foot to a safe area was estimated at almost 4 h, but this could be reduced to less than 3 h if two shelters were provided. Our results show the importance of integrating probabilistic hazard analysis of large-clast fallout within effective strategies of risk management and reduction, especially in the case of volcanoes where visitors can reach the summit areas.</p>https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/19/589/2019/nhess-19-589-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Osman E. Rossi C. Bonadonna C. Frischknecht D. Andronico R. Cioni S. Scollo Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna |
| title_full | Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna |
| title_fullStr | Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna |
| title_short | Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna |
| title_sort | exposure based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at mount etna |
| url | https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/19/589/2019/nhess-19-589-2019.pdf |
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