Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses
Fish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic infections and related diseases is well-established. Among all vertebrates, the digestive tract creates a remarkably favo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250835/full |
| _version_ | 1797659549013901312 |
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| author | Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli Massimo Lorenzoni Antonella Carosi Luisa Giari Giampaolo Bosi |
| author_facet | Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli Massimo Lorenzoni Antonella Carosi Luisa Giari Giampaolo Bosi |
| author_sort | Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic infections and related diseases is well-established. Among all vertebrates, the digestive tract creates a remarkably favorable and nutrient-rich environment, which, in turn, renders it susceptible to microparasites and macroparasites. Consequently, metazoan parasites emerge as important disease agents, impacting both wild and farmed fish and resulting in substantial economic losses. Given their status as pathogenic organisms, these parasites warrant considerable attention. Helminths, a general term encompassing worms, constitute one of the most important groups of metazoan parasites in fish. This group includes various species of platyhelminthes (digeneans, cestodes), nematodes, and acanthocephalans. In addition, myxozoans, microscopic metazoan endoparasites, are found in water-dwelling invertebrates and vertebrate hosts. It is worth noting that several innate immune cells within the fish alimentary canal and certain visceral organs (e.g., liver, spleen, and gonads) play active roles in the immune response against parasites. These immune cells include macrophages, neutrophils, rodlet cells, and mast cells also known as eosinophilic granular cells. At the site of intestinal infection, helminths often impact mucous cells number and alter mucus composition. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art on the occurrence and characteristics of innate immune cells in the digestive tract and other visceral organs in different fish-parasite systems. The data, coming especially from studies employed immunohistochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural analyses, provide evidence supporting the involvement of teleost innate immune cells in modulating inflammatory responses to metazoan and protozoan parasitic infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:16:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f21d083e9a7047d8bbe4cbbdb278a1b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:16:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f21d083e9a7047d8bbe4cbbdb278a1b92023-10-16T07:03:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-10-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12508351250835Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who losesBahram Sayyaf Dezfuli0Massimo Lorenzoni1Antonella Carosi2Luisa Giari3Giampaolo Bosi4Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Lodi, ItalyFish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic infections and related diseases is well-established. Among all vertebrates, the digestive tract creates a remarkably favorable and nutrient-rich environment, which, in turn, renders it susceptible to microparasites and macroparasites. Consequently, metazoan parasites emerge as important disease agents, impacting both wild and farmed fish and resulting in substantial economic losses. Given their status as pathogenic organisms, these parasites warrant considerable attention. Helminths, a general term encompassing worms, constitute one of the most important groups of metazoan parasites in fish. This group includes various species of platyhelminthes (digeneans, cestodes), nematodes, and acanthocephalans. In addition, myxozoans, microscopic metazoan endoparasites, are found in water-dwelling invertebrates and vertebrate hosts. It is worth noting that several innate immune cells within the fish alimentary canal and certain visceral organs (e.g., liver, spleen, and gonads) play active roles in the immune response against parasites. These immune cells include macrophages, neutrophils, rodlet cells, and mast cells also known as eosinophilic granular cells. At the site of intestinal infection, helminths often impact mucous cells number and alter mucus composition. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art on the occurrence and characteristics of innate immune cells in the digestive tract and other visceral organs in different fish-parasite systems. The data, coming especially from studies employed immunohistochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural analyses, provide evidence supporting the involvement of teleost innate immune cells in modulating inflammatory responses to metazoan and protozoan parasitic infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250835/fullimmune cellsmacrophagesneutrophilsmucous cellsmast cellsrodlet cells |
| spellingShingle | Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli Massimo Lorenzoni Antonella Carosi Luisa Giari Giampaolo Bosi Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses Frontiers in Immunology immune cells macrophages neutrophils mucous cells mast cells rodlet cells |
| title | Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses |
| title_full | Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses |
| title_fullStr | Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses |
| title_short | Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses |
| title_sort | teleost innate immunity an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs who wins who loses |
| topic | immune cells macrophages neutrophils mucous cells mast cells rodlet cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250835/full |
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