Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms
Differences in the development of the male and female brain are an evolving area of investigation. We are beginning to understand the underpinnings of male and female advantages due to differences in brain development as well as the consequences following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the newborn...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00211/full |
| _version_ | 1819092278336028672 |
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| author | Ted S. Rosenkrantz Zeenat Hussain Zeenat Hussain Roslyn Holly Fitch |
| author_facet | Ted S. Rosenkrantz Zeenat Hussain Zeenat Hussain Roslyn Holly Fitch |
| author_sort | Ted S. Rosenkrantz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Differences in the development of the male and female brain are an evolving area of investigation. We are beginning to understand the underpinnings of male and female advantages due to differences in brain development as well as the consequences following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the newborn. The two main factors that appear to affect outcomes are gestation age at the time of injury and sex of the subject. This review starts with a summary of differences in the anatomy and physiology of the developing male and female brain. This is followed by a review of the major factors responsible for the observed differences in the face of normal development and hypoxic injury. The last section reviews the response of male and female subjects to various neuroprotective strategies that are currently being used and where there is a need for additional information for more precise therapy based on the sex of the infant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:53:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f224c15cacbd4d25a175a439e31adcd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:53:05Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f224c15cacbd4d25a175a439e31adcd62022-12-21T18:47:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602019-06-01710.3389/fped.2019.00211446572Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological MechanismsTed S. Rosenkrantz0Zeenat Hussain1Zeenat Hussain2Roslyn Holly Fitch3Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United StatesDepartment of Volunteer Services, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, United StatesDepartment of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United StatesDifferences in the development of the male and female brain are an evolving area of investigation. We are beginning to understand the underpinnings of male and female advantages due to differences in brain development as well as the consequences following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the newborn. The two main factors that appear to affect outcomes are gestation age at the time of injury and sex of the subject. This review starts with a summary of differences in the anatomy and physiology of the developing male and female brain. This is followed by a review of the major factors responsible for the observed differences in the face of normal development and hypoxic injury. The last section reviews the response of male and female subjects to various neuroprotective strategies that are currently being used and where there is a need for additional information for more precise therapy based on the sex of the infant.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00211/fullsexgenderinfantnewbornneurological braininjury |
| spellingShingle | Ted S. Rosenkrantz Zeenat Hussain Zeenat Hussain Roslyn Holly Fitch Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms Frontiers in Pediatrics sex gender infant newborn neurological brain injury |
| title | Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms |
| title_full | Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms |
| title_short | Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms |
| title_sort | sex differences in brain injury and repair in newborn infants clinical evidence and biological mechanisms |
| topic | sex gender infant newborn neurological brain injury |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00211/full |
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