Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Cronobacter sakazakii is an enteropathogen that causes neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and newborns with a mortality rate of 15 to 80%. Powdered and dairy formulas (P-DF) have been implicated as major transmission vehicles and subsequently the presen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.694922/full |
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| author | Julio Parra-Flores Ondrej Holý Francisca Riffo Sarah Lepuschitz Eduard Maury-Sintjago Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano Miriam Troncoso Guillermo Figueroa Werner Ruppitsch Stephen Forsythe |
| author_facet | Julio Parra-Flores Ondrej Holý Francisca Riffo Sarah Lepuschitz Eduard Maury-Sintjago Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano Miriam Troncoso Guillermo Figueroa Werner Ruppitsch Stephen Forsythe |
| author_sort | Julio Parra-Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cronobacter sakazakii is an enteropathogen that causes neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and newborns with a mortality rate of 15 to 80%. Powdered and dairy formulas (P-DF) have been implicated as major transmission vehicles and subsequently the presence of this pathogen in P-DF led to product recalls in Chile in 2017. The objective of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) and laboratory studies to characterize Cronobacter strains from the contaminated products. Seven strains were identified as C. sakazakii, and the remaining strain was Franconibacter helveticus. All C. sakazakii strains adhered to a neuroblastoma cell line, and 31 virulence genes were predicted by WGS. The antibiograms varied between strains. and included mcr-9.1 and blaCSA genes, conferring resistance to colistin and cephalothin, respectively. The C. sakazakii strains encoded I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems, and carried IncFII(pECLA), Col440I, and Col(pHHAD28) plasmids. In summary, WGS enabled the identification of C. sakazakii strains and revealed multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. These findings support the decision to recall the contaminated powdered and dairy formulas from the Chilean market in 2017. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2326c740f544a6880687642e12cbfc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2326c740f544a6880687642e12cbfc72022-12-21T17:17:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-06-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.694922694922Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome SequencingJulio Parra-Flores0Ondrej Holý1Francisca Riffo2Sarah Lepuschitz3Eduard Maury-Sintjago4Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández5Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova6Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes7Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano8Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano9Miriam Troncoso10Guillermo Figueroa11Werner Ruppitsch12Stephen Forsythe13Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, ChileDepartment of Public Health, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CzechiaServicio de Salud Ñuble, Chillán, ChileAustrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, ChileDepartment of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, ChileIntestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoIntestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoIntestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, MexicoFaculty of Medicine, Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoMicrobiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileMicrobiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileAustrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austriafoodmicrobe.com, Nottinghamshire, United KingdomCronobacter sakazakii is an enteropathogen that causes neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and newborns with a mortality rate of 15 to 80%. Powdered and dairy formulas (P-DF) have been implicated as major transmission vehicles and subsequently the presence of this pathogen in P-DF led to product recalls in Chile in 2017. The objective of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) and laboratory studies to characterize Cronobacter strains from the contaminated products. Seven strains were identified as C. sakazakii, and the remaining strain was Franconibacter helveticus. All C. sakazakii strains adhered to a neuroblastoma cell line, and 31 virulence genes were predicted by WGS. The antibiograms varied between strains. and included mcr-9.1 and blaCSA genes, conferring resistance to colistin and cephalothin, respectively. The C. sakazakii strains encoded I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems, and carried IncFII(pECLA), Col440I, and Col(pHHAD28) plasmids. In summary, WGS enabled the identification of C. sakazakii strains and revealed multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. These findings support the decision to recall the contaminated powdered and dairy formulas from the Chilean market in 2017.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.694922/fullCronobacter sakazakiipowdered formulavirulenceantibiotic resistance genesCRISPR-cas |
| spellingShingle | Julio Parra-Flores Ondrej Holý Francisca Riffo Sarah Lepuschitz Eduard Maury-Sintjago Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano Miriam Troncoso Guillermo Figueroa Werner Ruppitsch Stephen Forsythe Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing Frontiers in Microbiology Cronobacter sakazakii powdered formula virulence antibiotic resistance genes CRISPR-cas |
| title | Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing |
| title_full | Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing |
| title_fullStr | Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing |
| title_short | Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Isolated From Powdered and Dairy Formulas by Whole-Genome Sequencing |
| title_sort | profiling the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of cronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from powdered and dairy formulas by whole genome sequencing |
| topic | Cronobacter sakazakii powdered formula virulence antibiotic resistance genes CRISPR-cas |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.694922/full |
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