Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Many epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between black carbon (BC) and the exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, none of the studies in Serbia examined this relationship yet. The aim of this study was to ex...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/6/261 |
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| author | Vesna Tomić-Spirić Gordana Kovačević Jelena Marinković Janko Janković Anđa Ćirković Ana Milošević Đerić Nenad Relić Slavenka Janković |
| author_facet | Vesna Tomić-Spirić Gordana Kovačević Jelena Marinković Janko Janković Anđa Ćirković Ana Milošević Đerić Nenad Relić Slavenka Janković |
| author_sort | Vesna Tomić-Spirić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> Many epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between black carbon (BC) and the exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, none of the studies in Serbia examined this relationship yet. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between BC and emergency department (ED) visits for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in the Užice region of Serbia. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to 523 ED visits for allergic rhinitis and asthma exacerbation that occurred in the Užice region of Serbia between 2012−2014. Data regarding ED visits were routinely collected in the Health Center of Užice. The daily average concentrations of BC were measured by automatic ambient air quality monitoring stations. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for the potential confounding influence of weather variables (temperature, humidity, and air pressure). <i>Results</i>: Statistically significant associations were observed between ED visits for allergic rhinitis and 2-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.20; CI = 1.00−10.18; <i>p</i> = 0.049) and allergic asthma and 3-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.05−9.95; <i>p</i> = 0.041). <i>Conclusion:</i> Exposure to BC in the Užice region increases the risk of ED visits for allergic rhinitis and asthma, particularly during the heating season. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:05:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:05:16Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-f23838986dc546bc9c82529fad6a55352023-09-03T03:44:42ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X2019-06-0155626110.3390/medicina55060261medicina55060261Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover StudyVesna Tomić-Spirić0Gordana Kovačević1Jelena Marinković2Janko Janković3Anđa Ćirković4Ana Milošević Đerić5Nenad Relić6Slavenka Janković7Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaGeneral Hospital Užice, 31000 Užice, SerbiaInstitute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaGeneral Hospital Užice, 31000 Užice, SerbiaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, SerbiaInstitute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Many epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between black carbon (BC) and the exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, none of the studies in Serbia examined this relationship yet. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between BC and emergency department (ED) visits for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in the Užice region of Serbia. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to 523 ED visits for allergic rhinitis and asthma exacerbation that occurred in the Užice region of Serbia between 2012−2014. Data regarding ED visits were routinely collected in the Health Center of Užice. The daily average concentrations of BC were measured by automatic ambient air quality monitoring stations. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for the potential confounding influence of weather variables (temperature, humidity, and air pressure). <i>Results</i>: Statistically significant associations were observed between ED visits for allergic rhinitis and 2-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.20; CI = 1.00−10.18; <i>p</i> = 0.049) and allergic asthma and 3-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.05−9.95; <i>p</i> = 0.041). <i>Conclusion:</i> Exposure to BC in the Užice region increases the risk of ED visits for allergic rhinitis and asthma, particularly during the heating season.https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/6/261black carbonemergency department visitsallergic rhinitisallergic asthmacase-crossover designSerbia |
| spellingShingle | Vesna Tomić-Spirić Gordana Kovačević Jelena Marinković Janko Janković Anđa Ćirković Ana Milošević Đerić Nenad Relić Slavenka Janković Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study Medicina black carbon emergency department visits allergic rhinitis allergic asthma case-crossover design Serbia |
| title | Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study |
| title_sort | evaluation of the impact of black carbon on the worsening of allergic respiratory diseases in the region of western serbia a time stratified case crossover study |
| topic | black carbon emergency department visits allergic rhinitis allergic asthma case-crossover design Serbia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/6/261 |
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