Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest

<p>In boreal forests an important part of the photo assimilates are allocated belowground to support symbiosis of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). The production of EMF extramatrical mycelium can contribute to carbon (C) sequestration in soils, but the extent of this contribution depends on the co...

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Main Authors: J. P. Almeida, N. P. Rosenstock, S. K. Woche, G. Guggenberger, H. Wallander
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2022-08-01
Series:Biogeosciences
Online Access:https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/3713/2022/bg-19-3713-2022.pdf
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author J. P. Almeida
N. P. Rosenstock
S. K. Woche
G. Guggenberger
H. Wallander
author_facet J. P. Almeida
N. P. Rosenstock
S. K. Woche
G. Guggenberger
H. Wallander
author_sort J. P. Almeida
collection DOAJ
description <p>In boreal forests an important part of the photo assimilates are allocated belowground to support symbiosis of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). The production of EMF extramatrical mycelium can contribute to carbon (C) sequestration in soils, but the extent of this contribution depends on the composition of the EMF community. Some species can decrease soil C stocks by degrading soil organic matter (SOM), and certain species may enhance soil C stocks by producing hydrophobic mycelia which can reduce the rate of SOM decomposition. To test how EMF communities contribute to the development of hydrophobicity in SOM, we incubated sand-filled fungal-ingrowth mesh bags amended with maize compost for one, two or three growing seasons in non-fertilized and fertilized plots in a young Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) forest. We measured hydrophobicity as determined by the contact angle and the <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="f135772273124e8de131c1d3d27c70de"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00001.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratios in the mesh bags contents along with the amount of new C entering the mesh bags from outside (determined by C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> input to C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> substrate), and related that to the fungal community composition. The proportion of EMF species increased over time to become the dominant fungal guild after three growing seasons. Fertilization significantly reduced fungal growth and altered EMF communities. In the control plots the most abundant EMF species was <i>Piloderma olivaceum</i>, which was absent in the fertilized plots. The hydrophobicity of the mesh bag contents reached the highest values after three growing seasons only in the unfertilized controls plots and was positively related to the abundance of <i>P. olivaceum</i>, the <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a1fd226718b6fd2378e4d645ff1b8807"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00002.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratios of the mesh bag contents and the amount of new C in the mesh bags. These results suggest that some EMF species are associated with higher hydrophobicity of SOM and that EMF community shifts induced by fertilization may result in reduced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter, which in turn may reduce C sequestration rates.</p>
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spelling doaj.art-f24fc7eb6c664bf8a572869900dabc9d2022-12-22T02:51:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892022-08-01193713372610.5194/bg-19-3713-2022Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forestJ. P. Almeida0N. P. Rosenstock1S. K. Woche2G. Guggenberger3H. Wallander4MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, SwedenMEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, SwedenInstitute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hanover, GermanyInstitute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hanover, GermanyMEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden<p>In boreal forests an important part of the photo assimilates are allocated belowground to support symbiosis of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). The production of EMF extramatrical mycelium can contribute to carbon (C) sequestration in soils, but the extent of this contribution depends on the composition of the EMF community. Some species can decrease soil C stocks by degrading soil organic matter (SOM), and certain species may enhance soil C stocks by producing hydrophobic mycelia which can reduce the rate of SOM decomposition. To test how EMF communities contribute to the development of hydrophobicity in SOM, we incubated sand-filled fungal-ingrowth mesh bags amended with maize compost for one, two or three growing seasons in non-fertilized and fertilized plots in a young Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) forest. We measured hydrophobicity as determined by the contact angle and the <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="f135772273124e8de131c1d3d27c70de"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00001.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratios in the mesh bags contents along with the amount of new C entering the mesh bags from outside (determined by C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> input to C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> substrate), and related that to the fungal community composition. The proportion of EMF species increased over time to become the dominant fungal guild after three growing seasons. Fertilization significantly reduced fungal growth and altered EMF communities. In the control plots the most abundant EMF species was <i>Piloderma olivaceum</i>, which was absent in the fertilized plots. The hydrophobicity of the mesh bag contents reached the highest values after three growing seasons only in the unfertilized controls plots and was positively related to the abundance of <i>P. olivaceum</i>, the <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a1fd226718b6fd2378e4d645ff1b8807"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00002.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="bg-19-3713-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratios of the mesh bag contents and the amount of new C in the mesh bags. These results suggest that some EMF species are associated with higher hydrophobicity of SOM and that EMF community shifts induced by fertilization may result in reduced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter, which in turn may reduce C sequestration rates.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/3713/2022/bg-19-3713-2022.pdf
spellingShingle J. P. Almeida
N. P. Rosenstock
S. K. Woche
G. Guggenberger
H. Wallander
Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
Biogeosciences
title Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
title_full Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
title_fullStr Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
title_full_unstemmed Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
title_short Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
title_sort nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a norway spruce forest
url https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/3713/2022/bg-19-3713-2022.pdf
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