| Summary: | This review is based on analysis of more than 600 studies on prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in males published in PubMed from Jan 2014 till December 2016. We present current data on epidemiology and pathophysiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Strong relationships have been shown between CP/CPPS and life style, blood testosterone, genetic factors and atypical intracellular pathogens (i.e. Chlamidia and Mycoplasma). In CP/CPPS patients significant microbiota alterations have been revealed. Also current data shows that CP|CPPS has a significant association with sperm count abnormalities and sexual dysfunction. Several studies confirmed UPIONT system to be a valuable tool in phenotyping of CP/ CPPS patients with further tailoring of multimodal treatment. Current trends and in antibacterial treatments and overcoming of bacterial resistance are demonstrated, as well as new data on efficacy of acupuncture, pollen extract and shock wave lithotripsy.
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