Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017
Wild birds are the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus (AIV) and may transmit AIV to poultry via direct contact or indirectly through the environment. In the Netherlands, a clinically suspected free-range layer flock was reported to the veterinary authorities by the farmer. Increased mort...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2020.00237/full |
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| author | Evelien A. Germeraad Armin R. W. Elbers Naomi D. de Bruijn Rene Heutink Wendy van Voorst Wendy van Voorst Renate Hakze-van der Honing Saskia A. Bergervoet Marc Y. Engelsma Wim H. M. van der Poel Nancy Beerens |
| author_facet | Evelien A. Germeraad Armin R. W. Elbers Naomi D. de Bruijn Rene Heutink Wendy van Voorst Wendy van Voorst Renate Hakze-van der Honing Saskia A. Bergervoet Marc Y. Engelsma Wim H. M. van der Poel Nancy Beerens |
| author_sort | Evelien A. Germeraad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wild birds are the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus (AIV) and may transmit AIV to poultry via direct contact or indirectly through the environment. In the Netherlands, a clinically suspected free-range layer flock was reported to the veterinary authorities by the farmer. Increased mortality, a decreased feed intake, and a drop in egg production were observed. Subsequently, an infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected. This study describes the diagnostic procedures used for detection and subtyping of the virus. In addition to routine diagnostics, the potential of two different environmental diagnostic methods was investigated for detecting AIV in surface water. AIV was first detected using rRT-PCR and isolated from tracheal and cloacal swabs collected from the hens. The virus was subtyped as H10N7. Antibodies against the virus were detected in 28 of the 31 sera tested. An intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) experiment was performed, but no clinical signs (IVPI = 0) were observed. Post-mortem examination and histology confirmed the AIV infection. Multiple water samples were collected longitudinally from the free-range area and waterway near the farm. Both environmental diagnostic methods allowed the detection of the H10N7 virus, demonstrating the potential of these methods in detection of AIV. The described methods could be a useful additional procedure for AIV surveillance in water-rich areas with large concentrations of wild birds or in areas around poultry farms. In addition, these methods could be used as a tool to test if the environment or free-range area is virus-free again, at the end of an AIV epidemic. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2618b23ba4e43b9bd4379553faf0381 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:33:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2618b23ba4e43b9bd4379553faf03812022-12-21T18:27:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-05-01710.3389/fvets.2020.00237529396Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017Evelien A. Germeraad0Armin R. W. Elbers1Naomi D. de Bruijn2Rene Heutink3Wendy van Voorst4Wendy van Voorst5Renate Hakze-van der Honing6Saskia A. Bergervoet7Marc Y. Engelsma8Wim H. M. van der Poel9Nancy Beerens10Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Lelystad, NetherlandsPoultry Department, GD-Animal Health, Deventer, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsPoultry Department, GD-Animal Health, Deventer, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, NetherlandsWild birds are the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus (AIV) and may transmit AIV to poultry via direct contact or indirectly through the environment. In the Netherlands, a clinically suspected free-range layer flock was reported to the veterinary authorities by the farmer. Increased mortality, a decreased feed intake, and a drop in egg production were observed. Subsequently, an infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected. This study describes the diagnostic procedures used for detection and subtyping of the virus. In addition to routine diagnostics, the potential of two different environmental diagnostic methods was investigated for detecting AIV in surface water. AIV was first detected using rRT-PCR and isolated from tracheal and cloacal swabs collected from the hens. The virus was subtyped as H10N7. Antibodies against the virus were detected in 28 of the 31 sera tested. An intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) experiment was performed, but no clinical signs (IVPI = 0) were observed. Post-mortem examination and histology confirmed the AIV infection. Multiple water samples were collected longitudinally from the free-range area and waterway near the farm. Both environmental diagnostic methods allowed the detection of the H10N7 virus, demonstrating the potential of these methods in detection of AIV. The described methods could be a useful additional procedure for AIV surveillance in water-rich areas with large concentrations of wild birds or in areas around poultry farms. In addition, these methods could be used as a tool to test if the environment or free-range area is virus-free again, at the end of an AIV epidemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2020.00237/fullLPAIVwaterenvironmental samplingpoultryoutbreak |
| spellingShingle | Evelien A. Germeraad Armin R. W. Elbers Naomi D. de Bruijn Rene Heutink Wendy van Voorst Wendy van Voorst Renate Hakze-van der Honing Saskia A. Bergervoet Marc Y. Engelsma Wim H. M. van der Poel Nancy Beerens Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017 Frontiers in Veterinary Science LPAIV water environmental sampling poultry outbreak |
| title | Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017 |
| title_full | Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017 |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017 |
| title_short | Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H10N7 in Poultry and Environmental Water Samples During a Clinical Outbreak in Commercial Free-Range Layers, Netherlands 2017 |
| title_sort | detection of low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h10n7 in poultry and environmental water samples during a clinical outbreak in commercial free range layers netherlands 2017 |
| topic | LPAIV water environmental sampling poultry outbreak |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2020.00237/full |
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