Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG
Shipping accounts for about 3% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In order to achieve the target set by the Paris Agreement, IMO introduced their GHG strategy. This strategy envisages 50% emission reduction from international shipping by 2050, compared with 2008. This target cannot be f...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3250 |
| _version_ | 1797505015608246272 |
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| author | Jorgen Depken Alexander Dyck Lukas Roß Sören Ehlers |
| author_facet | Jorgen Depken Alexander Dyck Lukas Roß Sören Ehlers |
| author_sort | Jorgen Depken |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shipping accounts for about 3% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In order to achieve the target set by the Paris Agreement, IMO introduced their GHG strategy. This strategy envisages 50% emission reduction from international shipping by 2050, compared with 2008. This target cannot be fulfilled if conventional fuels are used. Amongst others, hydrogen is considered to be one of the strong candidates as a zero-emissions fuel. Yet, concerns around the safety of its storage and usage have been formulated and need to be addressed. “Safety”, in this article, is defined as the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This article aims to propose a new way of comparing two systems with regard to their safety. Since safety cannot be directly measured, fuzzy set theory is used to compare linguistic terms such as “safer”. This method is proposed to be used during the alternative design approach. This approach is necessary for deviations from IMO rules, for example, when hydrogen should be used in shipping. Additionally, the properties of hydrogen that can pose a hazard, such as its wide flammability range, are identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:12:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f261a7d3f1e14908b85ba12287e919c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:12:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f261a7d3f1e14908b85ba12287e919c12023-11-23T08:08:39ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-04-01159325010.3390/en15093250Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNGJorgen Depken0Alexander Dyck1Lukas Roß2Sören Ehlers3Institute for Maritime Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute of Networked Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 26129 Oldenburg, GermanyInstitute for Maritime Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute for Maritime Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyShipping accounts for about 3% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In order to achieve the target set by the Paris Agreement, IMO introduced their GHG strategy. This strategy envisages 50% emission reduction from international shipping by 2050, compared with 2008. This target cannot be fulfilled if conventional fuels are used. Amongst others, hydrogen is considered to be one of the strong candidates as a zero-emissions fuel. Yet, concerns around the safety of its storage and usage have been formulated and need to be addressed. “Safety”, in this article, is defined as the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This article aims to propose a new way of comparing two systems with regard to their safety. Since safety cannot be directly measured, fuzzy set theory is used to compare linguistic terms such as “safer”. This method is proposed to be used during the alternative design approach. This approach is necessary for deviations from IMO rules, for example, when hydrogen should be used in shipping. Additionally, the properties of hydrogen that can pose a hazard, such as its wide flammability range, are identified.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3250shippinghydrogenstoragesafetyhazardrules |
| spellingShingle | Jorgen Depken Alexander Dyck Lukas Roß Sören Ehlers Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG Energies shipping hydrogen storage safety hazard rules |
| title | Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG |
| title_full | Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG |
| title_fullStr | Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG |
| title_short | Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG |
| title_sort | safety considerations of hydrogen application in shipping in comparison to lng |
| topic | shipping hydrogen storage safety hazard rules |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3250 |
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