0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application
Bismuth-based perovskites are potentially a promising alternative for lead-free perovskites. During bond formation, however, trivalent ions on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub>&l...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2180 |
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| author | Salma Maneno Masawa Jihong Li Chenxu Zhao Xiaolong Liu Jianxi Yao |
| author_facet | Salma Maneno Masawa Jihong Li Chenxu Zhao Xiaolong Liu Jianxi Yao |
| author_sort | Salma Maneno Masawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bismuth-based perovskites are potentially a promising alternative for lead-free perovskites. During bond formation, however, trivalent ions on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Cs</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mrow><mi>Bi</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mn>9</mn></msub><mtext> </mtext></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>with CsI/BiI<sub>3</sub> ratio of 1.5/1 form 0D-neutral charged compounds with higher bandgap (>2.0 eV) and poor absorption capacity. Mixed 0/2-dimensional structures are potentially suitable substitutes due to their low bandgap. So far, the reported CsI/BiI<sub>3</sub> ratios for 0D/2D structures are 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Herein, a new ratio of 1/1.5 is reported. Caesium bismuth iodide at a ratio of CsI/BiI<sub>3</sub> of 1/1.5 was synthesised using a one-step processing method with/without solvent vapour annealing. During solvent annealing, a 1/4 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) mixture of DMF/methanol was used as a solvent. The crystal structure formed at a ratio of 1/1.5 is more similar to 1.5/1 than to 1/3. The XRD pattern revealed additional characteristics peaks at 009, 012, 209 and 300, indicating the growth of another phase. The formed heterogeneous mixed 0D/2D structure has an extended light absorption capacity greater than 720 nm. Solvent vapour annealing improved film morphology by enhancing grain size and packing density. When cells with and without solvent vapour annealing are compared, the power conversion efficiency of caesium bismuth iodide increases from 0.26% without solvent annealing to 0.98% with solvent vapour annealing. This study establishes a new route for future research on crystal configuration, nomenclature, film and morphology, quality tailoring and applications toward the goal of lead-free perovskite solar cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f263ffe836984a1cae78b5d87b9223af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f263ffe836984a1cae78b5d87b9223af2023-11-30T21:20:47ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01156218010.3390/ma150621800D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell ApplicationSalma Maneno Masawa0Jihong Li1Chenxu Zhao2Xiaolong Liu3Jianxi Yao4Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, ChinaBismuth-based perovskites are potentially a promising alternative for lead-free perovskites. During bond formation, however, trivalent ions on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Cs</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mrow><mi>Bi</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mn>9</mn></msub><mtext> </mtext></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>with CsI/BiI<sub>3</sub> ratio of 1.5/1 form 0D-neutral charged compounds with higher bandgap (>2.0 eV) and poor absorption capacity. Mixed 0/2-dimensional structures are potentially suitable substitutes due to their low bandgap. So far, the reported CsI/BiI<sub>3</sub> ratios for 0D/2D structures are 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Herein, a new ratio of 1/1.5 is reported. Caesium bismuth iodide at a ratio of CsI/BiI<sub>3</sub> of 1/1.5 was synthesised using a one-step processing method with/without solvent vapour annealing. During solvent annealing, a 1/4 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) mixture of DMF/methanol was used as a solvent. The crystal structure formed at a ratio of 1/1.5 is more similar to 1.5/1 than to 1/3. The XRD pattern revealed additional characteristics peaks at 009, 012, 209 and 300, indicating the growth of another phase. The formed heterogeneous mixed 0D/2D structure has an extended light absorption capacity greater than 720 nm. Solvent vapour annealing improved film morphology by enhancing grain size and packing density. When cells with and without solvent vapour annealing are compared, the power conversion efficiency of caesium bismuth iodide increases from 0.26% without solvent annealing to 0.98% with solvent vapour annealing. This study establishes a new route for future research on crystal configuration, nomenclature, film and morphology, quality tailoring and applications toward the goal of lead-free perovskite solar cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2180perovskite solar cellslead-freesolvent vapour annealingcaesium bismuth iodide |
| spellingShingle | Salma Maneno Masawa Jihong Li Chenxu Zhao Xiaolong Liu Jianxi Yao 0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application Materials perovskite solar cells lead-free solvent vapour annealing caesium bismuth iodide |
| title | 0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application |
| title_full | 0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application |
| title_fullStr | 0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | 0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application |
| title_short | 0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application |
| title_sort | 0d 2d mixed dimensional lead free caesium bismuth iodide perovskite for solar cell application |
| topic | perovskite solar cells lead-free solvent vapour annealing caesium bismuth iodide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2180 |
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