Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration
The implementation of precoagulation before the physical removal process is expected to achieve a high virus removal rate. However, viruses may form small flocs and subsequently escape into the effluent during physical removal processes. This study evaluated how viruses in the microflocs could be qu...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/22/2/309 |
| _version_ | 1797267986212454400 |
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| author | Midori Yasui Hiroyuki Katayama |
| author_facet | Midori Yasui Hiroyuki Katayama |
| author_sort | Midori Yasui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The implementation of precoagulation before the physical removal process is expected to achieve a high virus removal rate. However, viruses may form small flocs and subsequently escape into the effluent during physical removal processes. This study evaluated how viruses in the microflocs could be quantified using conventional virus quantification methods (plaque assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)) to reveal the risk of underestimating virus concentration. In this study, the microfloc dissolution phenomenon in phosphate buffer solution was employed as a floc dissolution test. Viruses in microflocs formed under the experimental conditions. assuming water treatments, were quantified before and after floc dissolution. The findings revealed that virus concentrations increased by 1.0–3.9 log plaque-forming units/mL according to the plaque assay and by 1.7–4.0 log copies/mL according to the qPCR. This increase occurred after the dissolution of microflocs that were prepared in the humic acid test water. In the case of treated wastewater, virus concentrations increased in all samples according to the plaque assay and in seven of eight samples according to the qPCR. Our results indicate the necessity of careful consideration of virus quantification after precoagulation and physical removal systems.
HIGHLIGHTS
Microfloc-bound viruses were quantified using plaque and qPCR assays.;
Microflocs were dissolved in phosphate buffer.;
Virus concentration increased after floc dissolution, as quantified using the two methods.;
Microfloc leakage can cause viral risk underestimation.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:25:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2668920b7fd4d95a8e3170e5e807826 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:25:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2668920b7fd4d95a8e3170e5e8078262024-03-09T05:32:27ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292024-02-0122230932010.2166/wh.2024.233233Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtrationMidori Yasui0Hiroyuki Katayama1 Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan The implementation of precoagulation before the physical removal process is expected to achieve a high virus removal rate. However, viruses may form small flocs and subsequently escape into the effluent during physical removal processes. This study evaluated how viruses in the microflocs could be quantified using conventional virus quantification methods (plaque assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)) to reveal the risk of underestimating virus concentration. In this study, the microfloc dissolution phenomenon in phosphate buffer solution was employed as a floc dissolution test. Viruses in microflocs formed under the experimental conditions. assuming water treatments, were quantified before and after floc dissolution. The findings revealed that virus concentrations increased by 1.0–3.9 log plaque-forming units/mL according to the plaque assay and by 1.7–4.0 log copies/mL according to the qPCR. This increase occurred after the dissolution of microflocs that were prepared in the humic acid test water. In the case of treated wastewater, virus concentrations increased in all samples according to the plaque assay and in seven of eight samples according to the qPCR. Our results indicate the necessity of careful consideration of virus quantification after precoagulation and physical removal systems. HIGHLIGHTS Microfloc-bound viruses were quantified using plaque and qPCR assays.; Microflocs were dissolved in phosphate buffer.; Virus concentration increased after floc dissolution, as quantified using the two methods.; Microfloc leakage can cause viral risk underestimation.;http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/22/2/309membrane filtrationprecoagulationvirus removalwater reuse |
| spellingShingle | Midori Yasui Hiroyuki Katayama Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration Journal of Water and Health membrane filtration precoagulation virus removal water reuse |
| title | Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration |
| title_full | Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration |
| title_short | Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration |
| title_sort | unveiling the viral escape quantification of microfloc bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration |
| topic | membrane filtration precoagulation virus removal water reuse |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/22/2/309 |
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