The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes
IntroductionThe garden petunia, Petunia hybrida (Solanaceae) is a fertile, diploid, annual hybrid species (2n=14) originating from P. axillaris and P. inflata 200 years ago. To understand the recent evolution of the P. hybrida genome, we examined tandemly repeated or satellite sequences using bioinf...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232588/full |
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| author | Osamah Alisawi Osamah Alisawi Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison Trude Schwarzacher Trude Schwarzacher Trude Schwarzacher |
| author_facet | Osamah Alisawi Osamah Alisawi Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison Trude Schwarzacher Trude Schwarzacher Trude Schwarzacher |
| author_sort | Osamah Alisawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe garden petunia, Petunia hybrida (Solanaceae) is a fertile, diploid, annual hybrid species (2n=14) originating from P. axillaris and P. inflata 200 years ago. To understand the recent evolution of the P. hybrida genome, we examined tandemly repeated or satellite sequences using bioinformatic and molecular cytogenetic analysis.MethodsRaw reads from available genomic assemblies and survey sequences of P. axillaris N (PaxiN), P. inflata S6, (PinfS6), P. hybrida (PhybR27) and the here sequenced P. parodii S7 (PparS7) were used for graph and k-mer based cluster analysis of TAREAN and RepeatExplorer. Analysis of repeat specific monomer lengths and sequence heterogeneity of the major tandem repeat families with more than 0.01% genome proportion were complemented by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using consensus sequences as probes to chromosomes of all four species.ResultsSeven repeat families, PSAT1, PSAT3, PSAT4, PSAT5 PSAT6, PSAT7 and PSAT8, shared high consensus sequence similarity and organisation between the four genomes. Additionally, many degenerate copies were present. FISH in P. hybrida and in the three wild petunias confirmed the bioinformatics data and gave corresponding signals on all or some chromosomes. PSAT1 is located at the ends of all chromosomes except the 45S rDNA bearing short arms of chromosomes II and III, and we classify it as a telomere associated sequence (TAS). It is the most abundant satellite repeat with over 300,000 copies, 0.2% of the genomes. PSAT3 and the variant PSAT7 are located adjacent to the centromere or mid-arm of one to three chromosome pairs. PSAT5 has a strong signal at the end of the short arm of chromosome III in P. axillaris and P.inflata, while in P. hybrida additional interstitial sites were present. PSAT6 is located at the centromeres of chromosomes II and III. PSAT4 and PSAT8 were found with only short arrays.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that (i) repeat families occupy distinct niches within chromosomes, (ii) they differ in the copy number, cluster organization and homogenization events, and that (iii) the recent genome hybridization in breeding P. hybrida preserved the chromosomal position of repeats but affected the copy number of repetitive DNA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:42:59Z |
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| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f2684459c5b943a1b5f10595bdf500ed2023-10-06T07:42:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-10-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12325881232588The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomesOsamah Alisawi0Osamah Alisawi1Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler2J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison3J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison4J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison5Trude Schwarzacher6Trude Schwarzacher7Trude Schwarzacher8Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqDepartment of Genetics and Genome Biology, Institute for Environmental Futures, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomJulius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Genetics and Genome Biology, Institute for Environmental Futures, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaSouth China National Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Genetics and Genome Biology, Institute for Environmental Futures, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaSouth China National Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaIntroductionThe garden petunia, Petunia hybrida (Solanaceae) is a fertile, diploid, annual hybrid species (2n=14) originating from P. axillaris and P. inflata 200 years ago. To understand the recent evolution of the P. hybrida genome, we examined tandemly repeated or satellite sequences using bioinformatic and molecular cytogenetic analysis.MethodsRaw reads from available genomic assemblies and survey sequences of P. axillaris N (PaxiN), P. inflata S6, (PinfS6), P. hybrida (PhybR27) and the here sequenced P. parodii S7 (PparS7) were used for graph and k-mer based cluster analysis of TAREAN and RepeatExplorer. Analysis of repeat specific monomer lengths and sequence heterogeneity of the major tandem repeat families with more than 0.01% genome proportion were complemented by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using consensus sequences as probes to chromosomes of all four species.ResultsSeven repeat families, PSAT1, PSAT3, PSAT4, PSAT5 PSAT6, PSAT7 and PSAT8, shared high consensus sequence similarity and organisation between the four genomes. Additionally, many degenerate copies were present. FISH in P. hybrida and in the three wild petunias confirmed the bioinformatics data and gave corresponding signals on all or some chromosomes. PSAT1 is located at the ends of all chromosomes except the 45S rDNA bearing short arms of chromosomes II and III, and we classify it as a telomere associated sequence (TAS). It is the most abundant satellite repeat with over 300,000 copies, 0.2% of the genomes. PSAT3 and the variant PSAT7 are located adjacent to the centromere or mid-arm of one to three chromosome pairs. PSAT5 has a strong signal at the end of the short arm of chromosome III in P. axillaris and P.inflata, while in P. hybrida additional interstitial sites were present. PSAT6 is located at the centromeres of chromosomes II and III. PSAT4 and PSAT8 were found with only short arrays.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that (i) repeat families occupy distinct niches within chromosomes, (ii) they differ in the copy number, cluster organization and homogenization events, and that (iii) the recent genome hybridization in breeding P. hybrida preserved the chromosomal position of repeats but affected the copy number of repetitive DNA.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232588/fullrepetitive DNA sequencestandemly repeated DNAPetuniaRepeatExplorerfluorescent in situ hybridizationsurvey genomic sequences |
| spellingShingle | Osamah Alisawi Osamah Alisawi Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison Trude Schwarzacher Trude Schwarzacher Trude Schwarzacher The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes Frontiers in Plant Science repetitive DNA sequences tandemly repeated DNA Petunia RepeatExplorer fluorescent in situ hybridization survey genomic sequences |
| title | The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes |
| title_full | The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes |
| title_fullStr | The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes |
| title_short | The nature and organization of satellite DNAs in Petunia hybrida, related, and ancestral genomes |
| title_sort | nature and organization of satellite dnas in petunia hybrida related and ancestral genomes |
| topic | repetitive DNA sequences tandemly repeated DNA Petunia RepeatExplorer fluorescent in situ hybridization survey genomic sequences |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232588/full |
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