High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration
In this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) method that achieves the highest hiding capacity in the RDH-EI research field and full flexibility in the processing order without restrictions. In the previous work in this field, there exist two representative me...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Imaging |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/7/176 |
| _version_ | 1797406001897406464 |
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| author | Eichi Arai Shoko Imaizumi |
| author_facet | Eichi Arai Shoko Imaizumi |
| author_sort | Eichi Arai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) method that achieves the highest hiding capacity in the RDH-EI research field and full flexibility in the processing order without restrictions. In the previous work in this field, there exist two representative methods; one provides flexible processing with a high hiding capacity of 2.17 bpp, and the other achieves the highest hiding capacity of 2.46 bpp by using the BOWS-2 dataset. The latter method has critical restrictions on the processing order. We focus on the advantage of the former method and introduce two efficient algorithms for maximizing the hiding capacity. With these algorithms, the proposed method can predict each pixel value with higher accuracy and refine the embedding algorithm. Consequently, the hiding capacity is effectively enhanced to 2.50 bpp using the BOWS-2 dataset, and a series of processes can be freely conducted without considering any restrictions on the order between data hiding and encryption. In the same way, there are no restrictions on the processing order in the restoration process. Thus, the proposed method provides flexibility in the privileges requested by users. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of hiding capacity and marked-image quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:19:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2832e1b6364415fabd40396f985a5f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-433X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:19:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Imaging |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2832e1b6364415fabd40396f985a5f22023-12-03T15:14:19ZengMDPI AGJournal of Imaging2313-433X2022-06-018717610.3390/jimaging8070176High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible RestorationEichi Arai0Shoko Imaizumi1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba 263-8522, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba 263-8522, JapanIn this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) method that achieves the highest hiding capacity in the RDH-EI research field and full flexibility in the processing order without restrictions. In the previous work in this field, there exist two representative methods; one provides flexible processing with a high hiding capacity of 2.17 bpp, and the other achieves the highest hiding capacity of 2.46 bpp by using the BOWS-2 dataset. The latter method has critical restrictions on the processing order. We focus on the advantage of the former method and introduce two efficient algorithms for maximizing the hiding capacity. With these algorithms, the proposed method can predict each pixel value with higher accuracy and refine the embedding algorithm. Consequently, the hiding capacity is effectively enhanced to 2.50 bpp using the BOWS-2 dataset, and a series of processes can be freely conducted without considering any restrictions on the order between data hiding and encryption. In the same way, there are no restrictions on the processing order in the restoration process. Thus, the proposed method provides flexibility in the privileges requested by users. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of hiding capacity and marked-image quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/7/176reversible data hiding in encrypted imageshigh hiding capacityflexible restorationbit-plane partitionimage encryption |
| spellingShingle | Eichi Arai Shoko Imaizumi High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration Journal of Imaging reversible data hiding in encrypted images high hiding capacity flexible restoration bit-plane partition image encryption |
| title | High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration |
| title_full | High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration |
| title_fullStr | High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration |
| title_short | High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Flexible Restoration |
| title_sort | high capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted images with flexible restoration |
| topic | reversible data hiding in encrypted images high hiding capacity flexible restoration bit-plane partition image encryption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/7/176 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eichiarai highcapacityreversibledatahidinginencryptedimageswithflexiblerestoration AT shokoimaizumi highcapacityreversibledatahidinginencryptedimageswithflexiblerestoration |