Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy
The most researched brain region in epilepsy research is the temporal lobe, and more specifically, the hippocampus. However, numerous other brain regions play a pivotal role in seizure circuitry and secondary generalization of epileptic activity: The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and its di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2020.581826/full |
| _version_ | 1819319954226282496 |
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| author | Sonja Bröer |
| author_facet | Sonja Bröer |
| author_sort | Sonja Bröer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The most researched brain region in epilepsy research is the temporal lobe, and more specifically, the hippocampus. However, numerous other brain regions play a pivotal role in seizure circuitry and secondary generalization of epileptic activity: The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and its direct input structure, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), are considered seizure gating nuclei. There is ample evidence that direct inhibition of the SNr is capable of suppressing various seizure types in experimental models. Similarly, inhibition via its monosynaptic glutamatergic input, the STN, can decrease seizure susceptibility as well. This review will focus on therapeutic interventions such as electrical stimulation and targeted drug delivery to SNr and STN in human patients and experimental animal models of epilepsy, highlighting the opportunities for overcoming pharmacoresistance in epilepsy by investigating these promising target structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:11:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f283cec4a7e24b6bafdcb382d5aac187 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5137 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:11:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-f283cec4a7e24b6bafdcb382d5aac1872022-12-21T16:58:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience1662-51372020-12-011410.3389/fnsys.2020.581826581826Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in EpilepsySonja BröerThe most researched brain region in epilepsy research is the temporal lobe, and more specifically, the hippocampus. However, numerous other brain regions play a pivotal role in seizure circuitry and secondary generalization of epileptic activity: The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and its direct input structure, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), are considered seizure gating nuclei. There is ample evidence that direct inhibition of the SNr is capable of suppressing various seizure types in experimental models. Similarly, inhibition via its monosynaptic glutamatergic input, the STN, can decrease seizure susceptibility as well. This review will focus on therapeutic interventions such as electrical stimulation and targeted drug delivery to SNr and STN in human patients and experimental animal models of epilepsy, highlighting the opportunities for overcoming pharmacoresistance in epilepsy by investigating these promising target structures.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2020.581826/fullepilepsybasal gangliasubthalamic nucleus (STN)substantia nigra (SN)seizurepropagation |
| spellingShingle | Sonja Bröer Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience epilepsy basal ganglia subthalamic nucleus (STN) substantia nigra (SN) seizure propagation |
| title | Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy |
| title_full | Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy |
| title_fullStr | Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy |
| title_short | Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy |
| title_sort | not part of the temporal lobe but still of importance substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus in epilepsy |
| topic | epilepsy basal ganglia subthalamic nucleus (STN) substantia nigra (SN) seizure propagation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2020.581826/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sonjabroer notpartofthetemporallobebutstillofimportancesubstantianigraandsubthalamicnucleusinepilepsy |