Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review
Bioretention cells, or rain gardens, can effectively reduce many contaminants in polluted stormwater through phytoremediation and bioremediation. The vegetated soil structure develops bacterial communities both within the soil and around the vegetation roots that play a significant role in the biore...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6404 |
| _version_ | 1797587556493164544 |
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| author | Farhad Jalilian Caterina Valeo Angus Chu Rustom Bhiladvala |
| author_facet | Farhad Jalilian Caterina Valeo Angus Chu Rustom Bhiladvala |
| author_sort | Farhad Jalilian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bioretention cells, or rain gardens, can effectively reduce many contaminants in polluted stormwater through phytoremediation and bioremediation. The vegetated soil structure develops bacterial communities both within the soil and around the vegetation roots that play a significant role in the bioremediative process. Prediction of a bioretention cell’s performance and efficacy is essential to the design process, operation, and maintenance throughout the design life of the cell. One of the key hurdles to these important issues and, therefore, to appropriate designs, is the lack of effective and inexpensive devices for monitoring and quantitatively assessing this bioremediative process in the field. This research reviews the available technologies for biomass monitoring and assesses their potential for quantifying bioremediative processes in rain gardens. The methods are discussed based on accuracy and calibration requirements, potential for use in situ, in real-time, and for characterizing biofilm formation in media that undergoes large fluctuations in nutrient supply. The methods discussed are microscopical, piezoelectric, fiber-optic, thermometric, and electrochemical. Microscopical methods are precluded from field use but would be essential to the calibration and verification of any field-based sensor. Piezoelectric, fiber-optic, thermometric, and some of the electrochemical-based methods reviewed come with limitations by way of support mechanisms or insufficient detection limits. The impedance-based electrochemical method shows the most promise for applications in rain gardens, and it is supported by microscopical methods for calibration and validation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:40:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f287baa1c7fd4c6abf2aba3d0b549693 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:40:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f287baa1c7fd4c6abf2aba3d0b5496932023-11-18T21:17:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-07-012314640410.3390/s23146404Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A ReviewFarhad Jalilian0Caterina Valeo1Angus Chu2Rustom Bhiladvala3Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaMechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaCivil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaMechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaBioretention cells, or rain gardens, can effectively reduce many contaminants in polluted stormwater through phytoremediation and bioremediation. The vegetated soil structure develops bacterial communities both within the soil and around the vegetation roots that play a significant role in the bioremediative process. Prediction of a bioretention cell’s performance and efficacy is essential to the design process, operation, and maintenance throughout the design life of the cell. One of the key hurdles to these important issues and, therefore, to appropriate designs, is the lack of effective and inexpensive devices for monitoring and quantitatively assessing this bioremediative process in the field. This research reviews the available technologies for biomass monitoring and assesses their potential for quantifying bioremediative processes in rain gardens. The methods are discussed based on accuracy and calibration requirements, potential for use in situ, in real-time, and for characterizing biofilm formation in media that undergoes large fluctuations in nutrient supply. The methods discussed are microscopical, piezoelectric, fiber-optic, thermometric, and electrochemical. Microscopical methods are precluded from field use but would be essential to the calibration and verification of any field-based sensor. Piezoelectric, fiber-optic, thermometric, and some of the electrochemical-based methods reviewed come with limitations by way of support mechanisms or insufficient detection limits. The impedance-based electrochemical method shows the most promise for applications in rain gardens, and it is supported by microscopical methods for calibration and validation.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6404stormwater pollutionbioretentionbiological remediationbacteria biomass sensing |
| spellingShingle | Farhad Jalilian Caterina Valeo Angus Chu Rustom Bhiladvala Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review Sensors stormwater pollution bioretention biological remediation bacteria biomass sensing |
| title | Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review |
| title_full | Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review |
| title_short | Sensors for Biomass Monitoring in Vegetated Green Infrastructure: A Review |
| title_sort | sensors for biomass monitoring in vegetated green infrastructure a review |
| topic | stormwater pollution bioretention biological remediation bacteria biomass sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6404 |
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