Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved]
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, exclusively human alphaherpesvirus. Primary infection usually results in varicella (chickenpox), after which VZV becomes latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis. As VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declines in elderly and immunocompromi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2015-11-01
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| Series: | F1000Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://f1000research.com/articles/4-1356/v1 |
| _version_ | 1818126955038375936 |
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| author | Don Gilden Maria Nagel Randall Cohrs Ravi Mahalingam Nicholas Baird |
| author_facet | Don Gilden Maria Nagel Randall Cohrs Ravi Mahalingam Nicholas Baird |
| author_sort | Don Gilden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, exclusively human alphaherpesvirus. Primary infection usually results in varicella (chickenpox), after which VZV becomes latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis. As VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declines in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, VZV reactivates and causes herpes zoster (shingles), frequently complicated by postherpetic neuralgia. VZV reactivation also produces multiple serious neurological and ocular diseases, such as cranial nerve palsies, meningoencephalitis, myelopathy, and VZV vasculopathy, including giant cell arteritis, with or without associated rash. Herein, we review the clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathological features of neurological complications of VZV reactivation as well as diagnostic tests to verify VZV infection of the nervous system. Updates on the physical state of VZV DNA and viral gene expression in latently infected ganglia, neuronal, and primate models to study varicella pathogenesis and immunity are presented along with innovations in the immunization of elderly individuals to prevent VZV reactivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:09:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f29fdbf3411148d6a83ca04e7a08eada |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:09:40Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | F1000Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f29fdbf3411148d6a83ca04e7a08eada2022-12-22T01:16:23ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022015-11-01410.12688/f1000research.7153.17707Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved]Don Gilden0Maria Nagel1Randall Cohrs2Ravi Mahalingam3Nicholas Baird4Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 12800, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 12700, USADepartment of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 12800, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 12700, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 12700, USAVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, exclusively human alphaherpesvirus. Primary infection usually results in varicella (chickenpox), after which VZV becomes latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis. As VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declines in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, VZV reactivates and causes herpes zoster (shingles), frequently complicated by postherpetic neuralgia. VZV reactivation also produces multiple serious neurological and ocular diseases, such as cranial nerve palsies, meningoencephalitis, myelopathy, and VZV vasculopathy, including giant cell arteritis, with or without associated rash. Herein, we review the clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathological features of neurological complications of VZV reactivation as well as diagnostic tests to verify VZV infection of the nervous system. Updates on the physical state of VZV DNA and viral gene expression in latently infected ganglia, neuronal, and primate models to study varicella pathogenesis and immunity are presented along with innovations in the immunization of elderly individuals to prevent VZV reactivation.http://f1000research.com/articles/4-1356/v1Antimicrobials & Drug ResistanceCellular Microbiology & PathogenesisHealth Systems & Services ResearchImmune ResponseImmunity to InfectionsImmunomodulationImmunopharmacology & Hematologic PharmacologyInfectious Diseases of the Nervous SystemMedical MicrobiologyNeurobiology of Disease & RegenerationPeripheral NeuropathiesPreventive MedicineViral Infections (without HIV)Virology |
| spellingShingle | Don Gilden Maria Nagel Randall Cohrs Ravi Mahalingam Nicholas Baird Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved] F1000Research Antimicrobials & Drug Resistance Cellular Microbiology & Pathogenesis Health Systems & Services Research Immune Response Immunity to Infections Immunomodulation Immunopharmacology & Hematologic Pharmacology Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System Medical Microbiology Neurobiology of Disease & Regeneration Peripheral Neuropathies Preventive Medicine Viral Infections (without HIV) Virology |
| title | Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
| title_full | Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
| title_short | Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System [version 1; referees: 3 approved] |
| title_sort | varicella zoster virus in the nervous system version 1 referees 3 approved |
| topic | Antimicrobials & Drug Resistance Cellular Microbiology & Pathogenesis Health Systems & Services Research Immune Response Immunity to Infections Immunomodulation Immunopharmacology & Hematologic Pharmacology Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System Medical Microbiology Neurobiology of Disease & Regeneration Peripheral Neuropathies Preventive Medicine Viral Infections (without HIV) Virology |
| url | http://f1000research.com/articles/4-1356/v1 |
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