Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies
We measure the molecular gas environment near recent (<100 yr old) supernovae (SNe) using ∼1″ or ≤150 pc resolution CO (2–1) maps from the PHANGS–Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) survey of nearby star-forming galaxies. This is arguably the first such study to approach the scale...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acab00 |
| _version_ | 1797702117250564096 |
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| author | Ness Mayker Chen Adam K. Leroy Laura A. Lopez Samantha Benincasa Mélanie Chevance Simon C. O. Glover Annie Hughes Kathryn Kreckel Sumit Sarbadhicary Jiayi Sun Todd A. Thompson Dyas Utomo Frank Bigiel Guillermo A. Blanc Daniel A. Dale Kathryn Grasha J. M. Diederik Kruijssen Hsi-An Pan Miguel Querejeta Eva Schinnerer Elizabeth J. Watkins Thomas G. Williams |
| author_facet | Ness Mayker Chen Adam K. Leroy Laura A. Lopez Samantha Benincasa Mélanie Chevance Simon C. O. Glover Annie Hughes Kathryn Kreckel Sumit Sarbadhicary Jiayi Sun Todd A. Thompson Dyas Utomo Frank Bigiel Guillermo A. Blanc Daniel A. Dale Kathryn Grasha J. M. Diederik Kruijssen Hsi-An Pan Miguel Querejeta Eva Schinnerer Elizabeth J. Watkins Thomas G. Williams |
| author_sort | Ness Mayker Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We measure the molecular gas environment near recent (<100 yr old) supernovae (SNe) using ∼1″ or ≤150 pc resolution CO (2–1) maps from the PHANGS–Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) survey of nearby star-forming galaxies. This is arguably the first such study to approach the scales of individual massive molecular clouds ( M _mol ≳ 10 ^5.3 M _⊙ ). Using the Open Supernova Catalog, we identify 63 SNe within the PHANGS–ALMA footprint. We detect CO (2–1) emission near ∼60% of the sample at 150 pc resolution, compared to ∼35% of map pixels with CO (2–1) emission, and up to ∼95% of the SNe at 1 kpc resolution, compared to ∼80% of map pixels with CO (2–1) emission. We expect the ∼60% of SNe within the same 150 pc beam, as a giant molecular cloud will likely interact with these clouds in the future, consistent with the observation of widespread SN–molecular gas interaction in the Milky Way, while the other ∼40% of SNe without strong CO (2–1) detections will deposit their energy in the diffuse interstellar medium, perhaps helping drive large-scale turbulence or galactic outflows. Broken down by type, we detect CO (2–1) emission at the sites of ∼85% of our 9 stripped-envelope SNe (SESNe), ∼40% of our 34 Type II SNe, and ∼35% of our 13 Type Ia SNe, indicating that SESNe are most closely associated with the brightest CO (2–1) emitting regions in our sample. Our results confirm that SN explosions are not restricted to only the densest gas, and instead exert feedback across a wide range of molecular gas densities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:45:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2ac6a76b73c423fbe8298697ad785af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:45:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2ac6a76b73c423fbe8298697ad785af2023-09-03T09:29:27ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01944111010.3847/1538-4357/acab00Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host GalaxiesNess Mayker Chen0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-6685Adam K. Leroy1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-1700Laura A. Lopez2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1790-3148Samantha Benincasa3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-9079Mélanie Chevance4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-5180Simon C. O. Glover5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-1317Annie Hughes6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-1161Kathryn Kreckel7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-3091Sumit Sarbadhicary8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4781-7291Jiayi Sun9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-4667Todd A. Thompson10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-9574Dyas Utomo11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-2639Frank Bigiel12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-9745Guillermo A. Blanc13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-3944Daniel A. Dale14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-9093Kathryn Grasha15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-5321J. M. Diederik Kruijssen16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-0212Hsi-An Pan17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-6964Miguel Querejeta18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-1011Eva Schinnerer19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-7677Elizabeth J. Watkins20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7365-5791Thomas G. Williams21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0012-2142Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAInstitüt für Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Albert-Ueberle-Strasse 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO20Institüt für Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Albert-Ueberle-Strasse 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, GermanyCNRS , IRAP, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse , UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA), University of Toronto , 60 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA ; maykerchen.1@osu.edu; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, USAArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyObservatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071 USAResearch School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , AustraliaCosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO20Department of Physics, Tamkang University , No.151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, TaiwanMax Planck Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyMax Planck Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, GermanyMax Planck Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyWe measure the molecular gas environment near recent (<100 yr old) supernovae (SNe) using ∼1″ or ≤150 pc resolution CO (2–1) maps from the PHANGS–Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) survey of nearby star-forming galaxies. This is arguably the first such study to approach the scales of individual massive molecular clouds ( M _mol ≳ 10 ^5.3 M _⊙ ). Using the Open Supernova Catalog, we identify 63 SNe within the PHANGS–ALMA footprint. We detect CO (2–1) emission near ∼60% of the sample at 150 pc resolution, compared to ∼35% of map pixels with CO (2–1) emission, and up to ∼95% of the SNe at 1 kpc resolution, compared to ∼80% of map pixels with CO (2–1) emission. We expect the ∼60% of SNe within the same 150 pc beam, as a giant molecular cloud will likely interact with these clouds in the future, consistent with the observation of widespread SN–molecular gas interaction in the Milky Way, while the other ∼40% of SNe without strong CO (2–1) detections will deposit their energy in the diffuse interstellar medium, perhaps helping drive large-scale turbulence or galactic outflows. Broken down by type, we detect CO (2–1) emission at the sites of ∼85% of our 9 stripped-envelope SNe (SESNe), ∼40% of our 34 Type II SNe, and ∼35% of our 13 Type Ia SNe, indicating that SESNe are most closely associated with the brightest CO (2–1) emitting regions in our sample. Our results confirm that SN explosions are not restricted to only the densest gas, and instead exert feedback across a wide range of molecular gas densities.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acab00SupernovaeType II supernovaeType Ia supernovaeType Ib supernovaeType Ic supernovaeMolecular gas |
| spellingShingle | Ness Mayker Chen Adam K. Leroy Laura A. Lopez Samantha Benincasa Mélanie Chevance Simon C. O. Glover Annie Hughes Kathryn Kreckel Sumit Sarbadhicary Jiayi Sun Todd A. Thompson Dyas Utomo Frank Bigiel Guillermo A. Blanc Daniel A. Dale Kathryn Grasha J. M. Diederik Kruijssen Hsi-An Pan Miguel Querejeta Eva Schinnerer Elizabeth J. Watkins Thomas G. Williams Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies The Astrophysical Journal Supernovae Type II supernovae Type Ia supernovae Type Ib supernovae Type Ic supernovae Molecular gas |
| title | Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies |
| title_full | Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies |
| title_fullStr | Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies |
| title_short | Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2–1) Emission in Their Host Galaxies |
| title_sort | comparing the locations of supernovae to co 2 1 emission in their host galaxies |
| topic | Supernovae Type II supernovae Type Ia supernovae Type Ib supernovae Type Ic supernovae Molecular gas |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acab00 |
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