Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the world and triggered drastic changes in our lifestyle to control it. Despite the non-typical efforts, COVID-19 still thrives and plagues humanity worldwide. The unparalleled degree of infection has been met with an exceptional degree of research to c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/3/386 |
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| author | Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah Moad Khalifa Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh Mu’taman Jarrar Rohimah Mohamud Yean Yean Chan |
| author_facet | Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah Moad Khalifa Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh Mu’taman Jarrar Rohimah Mohamud Yean Yean Chan |
| author_sort | Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the world and triggered drastic changes in our lifestyle to control it. Despite the non-typical efforts, COVID-19 still thrives and plagues humanity worldwide. The unparalleled degree of infection has been met with an exceptional degree of research to counteract it. Many drugs and therapeutic technologies have been repurposed and discovered, but no groundbreaking antiviral agent has been introduced yet to eradicate COVID-19 and restore normalcy. As lethality is directly correlated with the severity of disease, hospitalized severe cases are of the greatest importance to reduce, especially the cytokine storm phenomenon. This severe inflammatory phenomenon characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators can be targeted to relieve symptoms and save the infected patients. One of the promising therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19 is nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches, including microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is an up-to-date review aimed to comprehensively discuss the current nucleic acid-based therapeutics against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, taking into consideration the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as providing potential future directions. miRNAs can be used to run interference with the expression of viral proteins, while endogenous miRNAs can be targeted as well, offering a versatile platform to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. By targeting these miRNAs, the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm can be suppressed. Therefore, nucleic acid-based therapeutics (miRNAs included) have a latent ability to break the COVID-19 infection in general and quell the cytokine storm in particular. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:40:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2b085e25e784eb786a14f25c5124447 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2b085e25e784eb786a14f25c51244472023-11-30T21:07:44ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-03-0112338610.3390/jpm12030386Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the StormMai Abdel Haleem Abusalah0Moad Khalifa1Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh2Mu’taman Jarrar3Rohimah Mohamud4Yean Yean Chan5Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaCollege of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the world and triggered drastic changes in our lifestyle to control it. Despite the non-typical efforts, COVID-19 still thrives and plagues humanity worldwide. The unparalleled degree of infection has been met with an exceptional degree of research to counteract it. Many drugs and therapeutic technologies have been repurposed and discovered, but no groundbreaking antiviral agent has been introduced yet to eradicate COVID-19 and restore normalcy. As lethality is directly correlated with the severity of disease, hospitalized severe cases are of the greatest importance to reduce, especially the cytokine storm phenomenon. This severe inflammatory phenomenon characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators can be targeted to relieve symptoms and save the infected patients. One of the promising therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19 is nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches, including microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is an up-to-date review aimed to comprehensively discuss the current nucleic acid-based therapeutics against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, taking into consideration the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as providing potential future directions. miRNAs can be used to run interference with the expression of viral proteins, while endogenous miRNAs can be targeted as well, offering a versatile platform to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. By targeting these miRNAs, the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm can be suppressed. Therefore, nucleic acid-based therapeutics (miRNAs included) have a latent ability to break the COVID-19 infection in general and quell the cytokine storm in particular.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/3/386COVID-19cytokine stormTNAmiRNAsiRNAmRNA vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah Moad Khalifa Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh Mu’taman Jarrar Rohimah Mohamud Yean Yean Chan Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm Journal of Personalized Medicine COVID-19 cytokine storm TNA miRNA siRNA mRNA vaccine |
| title | Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm |
| title_full | Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm |
| title_fullStr | Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm |
| title_short | Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm |
| title_sort | nucleic acid based covid 19 therapy targeting cytokine storms strategies to quell the storm |
| topic | COVID-19 cytokine storm TNA miRNA siRNA mRNA vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/3/386 |
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