Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters
This study describes human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) prevalence, associated factors, viral genetic diversity, transmitted drug resistance (TDR), and acquired drug resistance mutations (DRM) among a population of 522 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by the respondent-driven sampling (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.589937/full |
| _version_ | 1819056556662063104 |
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| author | Ágabo Macêdo da Costa e Silva Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis Thaís Augusto Marinho Nara Rúbia de Freitas Sheila Araújo Teles Márcia Alves Dias de Matos Megmar Aparecida dos Santos Carneiro Gonzalo Bello Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani Regina Maria Bringel Martins |
| author_facet | Ágabo Macêdo da Costa e Silva Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis Thaís Augusto Marinho Nara Rúbia de Freitas Sheila Araújo Teles Márcia Alves Dias de Matos Megmar Aparecida dos Santos Carneiro Gonzalo Bello Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani Regina Maria Bringel Martins |
| author_sort | Ágabo Macêdo da Costa e Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study describes human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) prevalence, associated factors, viral genetic diversity, transmitted drug resistance (TDR), and acquired drug resistance mutations (DRM) among a population of 522 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in Goiânia city, the capital of the State of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil. All serum samples were tested using a four-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblotting. Plasma RNA or proviral DNA was extracted, and partial polymerase (pol) gene including the protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) region was amplified and sequenced. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by phylogenetic inference and by bootscan analysis. The time and location of the ancestral strains that originated the transmission clusters were estimated by a Bayesian phylogeographic approach. TDR and DRM were identified using the Stanford databases. Overall, HIV-1 prevalence was 17.6% (95% CI: 12.6–23.5). Self-declared black skin color, receptive anal intercourse, sex with drug user partner, and history of sexually transmitted infections were factors associated with HIV-1 infection. Of 105 HIV-1-positive samples, 78 (74.3%) were sequenced and subtyped as B (65.4%), F1 (20.5%), C (3.8%), and BF1 (10.3%). Most HIV-1 subtype B sequences (67%; 34 out of 51) branched within 12 monophyletic clusters of variable sizes, which probably arose in the State of Goiás between the 1980s and 2010s. Most subtype F1 sequences (n = 14, 88%) branched in a single monophyletic cluster that probably arose in Goiás around the late 1990s. Among 78 samples sequenced, three were from patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART); two presented DRM. Among 75 ART-naïve patients, TDR was identified in 13 (17.3%; CI 95%: 9.6–27.8). Resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) predominated (14.7%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (5.3%) and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations (1.3%). This study shows a high prevalence of HIV-1 associated with sexual risk behaviors, high rate of TDR, and high genetic diversity driven by the local expansion of different subtype B and F1 strains. These findings can contribute to the understanding about the dissemination and epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV-1 among the population of MSM living away from the epicenter of epidemics in Brazil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:25:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2c4ab8d729d41bbb7b094d1644fd845 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:25:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2c4ab8d729d41bbb7b094d1644fd8452022-12-21T19:02:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-11-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.589937589937Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission ClustersÁgabo Macêdo da Costa e Silva0Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis1Thaís Augusto Marinho2Nara Rúbia de Freitas3Sheila Araújo Teles4Márcia Alves Dias de Matos5Megmar Aparecida dos Santos Carneiro6Gonzalo Bello7Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani8Regina Maria Bringel Martins9Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilFaculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilFaculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilAIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilThis study describes human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) prevalence, associated factors, viral genetic diversity, transmitted drug resistance (TDR), and acquired drug resistance mutations (DRM) among a population of 522 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in Goiânia city, the capital of the State of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil. All serum samples were tested using a four-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblotting. Plasma RNA or proviral DNA was extracted, and partial polymerase (pol) gene including the protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) region was amplified and sequenced. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by phylogenetic inference and by bootscan analysis. The time and location of the ancestral strains that originated the transmission clusters were estimated by a Bayesian phylogeographic approach. TDR and DRM were identified using the Stanford databases. Overall, HIV-1 prevalence was 17.6% (95% CI: 12.6–23.5). Self-declared black skin color, receptive anal intercourse, sex with drug user partner, and history of sexually transmitted infections were factors associated with HIV-1 infection. Of 105 HIV-1-positive samples, 78 (74.3%) were sequenced and subtyped as B (65.4%), F1 (20.5%), C (3.8%), and BF1 (10.3%). Most HIV-1 subtype B sequences (67%; 34 out of 51) branched within 12 monophyletic clusters of variable sizes, which probably arose in the State of Goiás between the 1980s and 2010s. Most subtype F1 sequences (n = 14, 88%) branched in a single monophyletic cluster that probably arose in Goiás around the late 1990s. Among 78 samples sequenced, three were from patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART); two presented DRM. Among 75 ART-naïve patients, TDR was identified in 13 (17.3%; CI 95%: 9.6–27.8). Resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) predominated (14.7%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (5.3%) and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations (1.3%). This study shows a high prevalence of HIV-1 associated with sexual risk behaviors, high rate of TDR, and high genetic diversity driven by the local expansion of different subtype B and F1 strains. These findings can contribute to the understanding about the dissemination and epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV-1 among the population of MSM living away from the epicenter of epidemics in Brazil.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.589937/fullHIV-1epidemiologygenetic diversitytransmitted drug resistanceMSM |
| spellingShingle | Ágabo Macêdo da Costa e Silva Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis Thaís Augusto Marinho Nara Rúbia de Freitas Sheila Araújo Teles Márcia Alves Dias de Matos Megmar Aparecida dos Santos Carneiro Gonzalo Bello Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani Regina Maria Bringel Martins Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters Frontiers in Microbiology HIV-1 epidemiology genetic diversity transmitted drug resistance MSM |
| title | Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters |
| title_full | Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters |
| title_short | Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters |
| title_sort | epidemiological and molecular characteristics of hiv 1 infection in a sample of men who have sex with men in brazil phylogeography of major subtype b and f1 transmission clusters |
| topic | HIV-1 epidemiology genetic diversity transmitted drug resistance MSM |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.589937/full |
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