Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change
The effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by <i>Babesia divergens</i>, <i>B. venatorum</i> and <i>B. microti</i>) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the dist...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1430 |
| _version_ | 1827675766367715328 |
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| author | Jeremy S. Gray Nicholas H. Ogden |
| author_facet | Jeremy S. Gray Nicholas H. Ogden |
| author_sort | Jeremy S. Gray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by <i>Babesia divergens</i>, <i>B. venatorum</i> and <i>B. microti</i>) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the distributions of both <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, the vector in Europe, and <i>I. scapularis</i> in North America have been impacted by the changing climate, with increasing temperatures resulting in the northwards expansion of tick populations and the occurrence of <i>I. ricinus</i> at higher altitudes. <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>, which replaces <i>I. ricinus</i> in Eurasia and temperate Asia, is presumed to be the babesiosis vector in China and Japan, but this tick species has not yet been confirmed as the vector of either human or animal babesiosis. There is no definite evidence, as yet, of global warming having an effect on the occurrence of human babesiosis, but models suggest that it is only a matter of time before cases occur further north than they do at present. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2c6dabf6651442c9760edcac1740992 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2c6dabf6651442c9760edcac17409922023-11-23T00:53:12ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-11-011011143010.3390/pathogens10111430Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate ChangeJeremy S. Gray0Nicholas H. Ogden1UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, IrelandPublic Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, CanadaThe effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by <i>Babesia divergens</i>, <i>B. venatorum</i> and <i>B. microti</i>) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the distributions of both <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, the vector in Europe, and <i>I. scapularis</i> in North America have been impacted by the changing climate, with increasing temperatures resulting in the northwards expansion of tick populations and the occurrence of <i>I. ricinus</i> at higher altitudes. <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>, which replaces <i>I. ricinus</i> in Eurasia and temperate Asia, is presumed to be the babesiosis vector in China and Japan, but this tick species has not yet been confirmed as the vector of either human or animal babesiosis. There is no definite evidence, as yet, of global warming having an effect on the occurrence of human babesiosis, but models suggest that it is only a matter of time before cases occur further north than they do at present.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1430<i>Ixodes ricinus</i><i>Ixodes scapularis</i><i>Babesia microti</i><i>Babesia divergens</i>climateglobal warming |
| spellingShingle | Jeremy S. Gray Nicholas H. Ogden Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change Pathogens <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> climate global warming |
| title | Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change |
| title_full | Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change |
| title_fullStr | Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change |
| title_short | Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change |
| title_sort | ticks human babesiosis and climate change |
| topic | <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> climate global warming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1430 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeremysgray tickshumanbabesiosisandclimatechange AT nicholashogden tickshumanbabesiosisandclimatechange |