Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea
Eutrophication, climate-induced warming, and salinity fluctuations are altering the fatty acid profiles and the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in marine zooplankton communities. Limnocalanus macrurus Sars G.O., 1863 is a large calanoid copepod inhabiting the low-salini...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Serija: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Teme: | |
| Online dostop: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1340349/full |
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| author | Ella von Weissenberg Ella von Weissenberg Hanna Ruhanen Hanna Ruhanen Minna Holopainen Minna Holopainen Reijo Käkelä Reijo Käkelä Jonna Engström-Öst |
| author_facet | Ella von Weissenberg Ella von Weissenberg Hanna Ruhanen Hanna Ruhanen Minna Holopainen Minna Holopainen Reijo Käkelä Reijo Käkelä Jonna Engström-Öst |
| author_sort | Ella von Weissenberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eutrophication, climate-induced warming, and salinity fluctuations are altering the fatty acid profiles and the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in marine zooplankton communities. Limnocalanus macrurus Sars G.O., 1863 is a large calanoid copepod inhabiting the low-salinity areas in the Baltic Sea, where it is a major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to commercially important fish. L. macrurus is sensitive to warming, eutrophication and hypoxia. As an opportunistic feeder, it is capable of dietary shifts, which affects its fatty acid profiles. Although much studied in boreal lakes, there are only a few studies on the fatty acid profiles of the Baltic Sea populations. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid profiles of L. macrurus in three basins of the Baltic Sea, in relation to the community fatty acids and environmental variables. We collected samples of L. macrurus and filtered plankton community for gas chromatographic fatty acid analyses in August 2021 on R/V Aranda. The nutritional quality of L. macrurus to consumers was lower in the Gulf of Finland (GoF) compared to the Gulf of Bothnia, indicated by the low levels of DHA and EPA, as well as the low n-3/n-6 ratio of PUFAs. The lower ratio of 18:1n-7 to 18:1n-9 implied higher degree of omnivory in GoF. In contrast, a diatom marker 16:1n-7 had high proportion in the Bothnian Bay. High temperatures in GoF may have restricted feeding in the upper water column, possibly forcing a shift towards cyanobacteria or seston-based diet, as interpreted from a high proportion of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. We conclude that the ability of L. macrurus to utilize multiple food sources increases its resilience to environmental change, while the consequences on the nutritional quality may have further cascading effects on the food webs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:13:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2c8935a4820478fa0230f75683ef279 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:13:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2c8935a4820478fa0230f75683ef2792024-02-07T05:20:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-02-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13403491340349Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic SeaElla von Weissenberg0Ella von Weissenberg1Hanna Ruhanen2Hanna Ruhanen3Minna Holopainen4Minna Holopainen5Reijo Käkelä6Reijo Käkelä7Jonna Engström-Öst8Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Bioeconomy, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Ekenäs, FinlandHelsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, FinlandMolecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, FinlandMolecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, FinlandMolecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Bioeconomy, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Ekenäs, FinlandEutrophication, climate-induced warming, and salinity fluctuations are altering the fatty acid profiles and the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in marine zooplankton communities. Limnocalanus macrurus Sars G.O., 1863 is a large calanoid copepod inhabiting the low-salinity areas in the Baltic Sea, where it is a major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to commercially important fish. L. macrurus is sensitive to warming, eutrophication and hypoxia. As an opportunistic feeder, it is capable of dietary shifts, which affects its fatty acid profiles. Although much studied in boreal lakes, there are only a few studies on the fatty acid profiles of the Baltic Sea populations. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid profiles of L. macrurus in three basins of the Baltic Sea, in relation to the community fatty acids and environmental variables. We collected samples of L. macrurus and filtered plankton community for gas chromatographic fatty acid analyses in August 2021 on R/V Aranda. The nutritional quality of L. macrurus to consumers was lower in the Gulf of Finland (GoF) compared to the Gulf of Bothnia, indicated by the low levels of DHA and EPA, as well as the low n-3/n-6 ratio of PUFAs. The lower ratio of 18:1n-7 to 18:1n-9 implied higher degree of omnivory in GoF. In contrast, a diatom marker 16:1n-7 had high proportion in the Bothnian Bay. High temperatures in GoF may have restricted feeding in the upper water column, possibly forcing a shift towards cyanobacteria or seston-based diet, as interpreted from a high proportion of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. We conclude that the ability of L. macrurus to utilize multiple food sources increases its resilience to environmental change, while the consequences on the nutritional quality may have further cascading effects on the food webs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1340349/fullfatty acid compositionPUFAeutrophicationzooplanktonclimate changebrackish water |
| spellingShingle | Ella von Weissenberg Ella von Weissenberg Hanna Ruhanen Hanna Ruhanen Minna Holopainen Minna Holopainen Reijo Käkelä Reijo Käkelä Jonna Engström-Öst Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea Frontiers in Marine Science fatty acid composition PUFA eutrophication zooplankton climate change brackish water |
| title | Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea |
| title_full | Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea |
| title_fullStr | Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea |
| title_short | Fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in the northern Baltic Sea |
| title_sort | fatty acid profiles reveal dietary variability of a large calanoid copepod limnocalanus macrurus in the northern baltic sea |
| topic | fatty acid composition PUFA eutrophication zooplankton climate change brackish water |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1340349/full |
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