Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus
One of the greatest achievements of the last century is the development of vaccines against viral diseases. Vaccines are essential for battling infectious diseases and many different formulations are available, including live attenuated vaccines. However, the use of live attenuated vaccines has the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Virulence |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2022.2082645 |
| _version_ | 1828218824538718208 |
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| author | Huai Xu Andrea L. Krieter Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj Yvette (Yung-Tien) Tien Taejoong Kim Keith W. Jarosinski |
| author_facet | Huai Xu Andrea L. Krieter Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj Yvette (Yung-Tien) Tien Taejoong Kim Keith W. Jarosinski |
| author_sort | Huai Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the greatest achievements of the last century is the development of vaccines against viral diseases. Vaccines are essential for battling infectious diseases and many different formulations are available, including live attenuated vaccines. However, the use of live attenuated vaccines has the potential for adverse effects, including reversion of pathogenicity, recombination, and functional complementation in the host. Marek’s disease is a serious disease in poultry controlled by live attenuated vaccines that has resulted in increased virulence over the decades. Recombination between circulating field viruses or vaccines is a proposed mechanism for the increase in virulence, however, complementation between vaccines and field strains has not been demonstrated in chickens. Here, we describe functional complementation of vaccines with virulent virus to functionally complement transmission and spread in the host. Using the natural virus-host model of Marek’s disease in chickens, our results show dual infection of target cells in chickens with vaccine and virulent virus providing the opportunity for recombination or complementation to transpire. Interestingly, our controlled results showed no evidence of recombination between vaccine and virulent virus, but functional complementation occurred in two independent experiments providing proof for complementation during natural infection in vaccinated individuals. These results suggest complementation as a potential mechanism for vaccine-mediated viral evolution and the potential for complementation should be taken into consideration when developing novel vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:08:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2d1d4f6b5c2431f8b946155107ecf7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:08:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virulence |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2d1d4f6b5c2431f8b946155107ecf7e2022-12-22T03:25:59ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082022-12-0113198098910.1080/21505594.2022.2082645Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virusHuai Xu0Andrea L. Krieter1Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj2Yvette (Yung-Tien) Tien3Taejoong Kim4Keith W. Jarosinski5Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USADepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USADepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USADepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USADepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USAOne of the greatest achievements of the last century is the development of vaccines against viral diseases. Vaccines are essential for battling infectious diseases and many different formulations are available, including live attenuated vaccines. However, the use of live attenuated vaccines has the potential for adverse effects, including reversion of pathogenicity, recombination, and functional complementation in the host. Marek’s disease is a serious disease in poultry controlled by live attenuated vaccines that has resulted in increased virulence over the decades. Recombination between circulating field viruses or vaccines is a proposed mechanism for the increase in virulence, however, complementation between vaccines and field strains has not been demonstrated in chickens. Here, we describe functional complementation of vaccines with virulent virus to functionally complement transmission and spread in the host. Using the natural virus-host model of Marek’s disease in chickens, our results show dual infection of target cells in chickens with vaccine and virulent virus providing the opportunity for recombination or complementation to transpire. Interestingly, our controlled results showed no evidence of recombination between vaccine and virulent virus, but functional complementation occurred in two independent experiments providing proof for complementation during natural infection in vaccinated individuals. These results suggest complementation as a potential mechanism for vaccine-mediated viral evolution and the potential for complementation should be taken into consideration when developing novel vaccines.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2022.2082645complementationvaccinesherpesvirusMarek’s diseasetransmission |
| spellingShingle | Huai Xu Andrea L. Krieter Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj Yvette (Yung-Tien) Tien Taejoong Kim Keith W. Jarosinski Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus Virulence complementation vaccines herpesvirus Marek’s disease transmission |
| title | Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus |
| title_full | Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus |
| title_fullStr | Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus |
| title_short | Coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus |
| title_sort | coinfection in the host can result in functional complementation between live vaccines and virulent virus |
| topic | complementation vaccines herpesvirus Marek’s disease transmission |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2022.2082645 |
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