Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings base...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11437 |
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| author | Serkan Dikici Muhammad Yar Anthony J. Bullock Joanna Shepherd Sabiniano Roman Sheila MacNeil |
| author_facet | Serkan Dikici Muhammad Yar Anthony J. Bullock Joanna Shepherd Sabiniano Roman Sheila MacNeil |
| author_sort | Serkan Dikici |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings based on the delivery of this sugar to induce angiogenesis in chronic wounds. In this review, we will survey the small volume of conflicting literature on this and related sugars, some of which are reported to be anti-angiogenic. We review the evidence of 2dDR having the ability to stimulate a range of pro-angiogenic activities in vitro and in a chick pro-angiogenic bioassay and to stimulate new blood vessel formation and wound healing in normal and diabetic rat models. The biological actions of 2dDR were found to be 80 to 100% as effective as VEGF in addition to upregulating the production of VEGF. We then demonstrated the uptake and delivery of the sugar from a range of experimental and commercial dressings. In conclusion, its pro-angiogenic properties combined with its improved stability on storage compared to VEGF, its low cost, and ease of incorporation into a range of established wound dressings make 2dDR an attractive alternative to VEGF for wound dressing development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:03:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f2da64020fa24606898dc0f3d4c42d83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:03:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2da64020fa24606898dc0f3d4c42d832023-11-22T20:52:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-10-0122211143710.3390/ijms222111437Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorSerkan Dikici0Muhammad Yar1Anthony J. Bullock2Joanna Shepherd3Sabiniano Roman4Sheila MacNeil5Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, TurkeyInterdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UKSchool of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UKDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UKDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings based on the delivery of this sugar to induce angiogenesis in chronic wounds. In this review, we will survey the small volume of conflicting literature on this and related sugars, some of which are reported to be anti-angiogenic. We review the evidence of 2dDR having the ability to stimulate a range of pro-angiogenic activities in vitro and in a chick pro-angiogenic bioassay and to stimulate new blood vessel formation and wound healing in normal and diabetic rat models. The biological actions of 2dDR were found to be 80 to 100% as effective as VEGF in addition to upregulating the production of VEGF. We then demonstrated the uptake and delivery of the sugar from a range of experimental and commercial dressings. In conclusion, its pro-angiogenic properties combined with its improved stability on storage compared to VEGF, its low cost, and ease of incorporation into a range of established wound dressings make 2dDR an attractive alternative to VEGF for wound dressing development.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/114372-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose (2dDR)deoxy sugarangiogenesiswound healingchronic woundswound dressing |
| spellingShingle | Serkan Dikici Muhammad Yar Anthony J. Bullock Joanna Shepherd Sabiniano Roman Sheila MacNeil Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose (2dDR) deoxy sugar angiogenesis wound healing chronic wounds wound dressing |
| title | Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| title_full | Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| title_fullStr | Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| title_short | Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| title_sort | developing wound dressings using 2 deoxy i d i ribose to induce angiogenesis as a backdoor route for stimulating the production of vascular endothelial growth factor |
| topic | 2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-Ribose (2dDR) deoxy sugar angiogenesis wound healing chronic wounds wound dressing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11437 |
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